Signal Integrity

PROFIBUS-DP Fieldbus Incident Report: Struggling with Distributed Control? Here are 3 Solutions!

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PROFIBUS-DP Fieldbus Incident Report: Struggling with Distributed Control? Here are 3 Solutions!

1. Fatal Fault on Site A certain automotive welding workshop, Siemens S7-300 PLC (6ES7 315-2EH14-0AB0) suddenly reported error 0x1A3B, with 32 DP slaves going offline collectively. The monitoring screen displayed:<span>[2023-05-12 03:15] PROFIBUS-DP System Fault: Telegram timeout (Slave 17-32)</span> The signal amplitude was only 0.8Vpp (standard requirement ≥1.5Vpp), with a rise time jitter of 35ns (IEC61158 … Read more

Sampling Oscilloscope vs Real-Time Oscilloscope

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Sampling Oscilloscope vs Real-Time Oscilloscope

Application of Real-Time Oscilloscopes in New Generation Optical Interface Time Domain Testing Introduction: When it comes to time domain testing of optical interface metrics, engineers often mention the sampling oscilloscope. This is because sampling oscilloscopes have unparalleled advantages in signal integrity: high bandwidth, low noise, and minimal quantization error (high vertical resolution). However, the downside … Read more

Optimization Design of Vertical Interconnect Transition Structures for Microwave Circuit Boards

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Optimization Design of Vertical Interconnect Transition Structures for Microwave Circuit Boards

In modern high-frequency microwave circuit design, vertical interconnect transition structures serve as critical paths for signal transmission between different layers of PCBs, and their performance directly affects the overall properties of the system. As communication systems advance into the millimeter-wave frequency band, traditional via structures can no longer meet the integrity requirements for high-frequency signals. … Read more

How to Use an Oscilloscope for RF Signal Testing (In-Depth Article)

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How to Use an Oscilloscope for RF Signal Testing (In-Depth Article)

Abstract: With the increasing demands for signal transmission rates or resolution in fields such as wireless communication, radar, satellite communication, and optical communication, the modulation schemes used have become increasingly complex, and the signal bandwidth has widened. Modern real-time oscilloscopes, due to advancements in chip and material technology, can now provide real-time measurement bandwidths of … Read more

Unveiling I2C Pull-Up Resistor Value Techniques: 5 Key Design Points and Practical Cases

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Unveiling I2C Pull-Up Resistor Value Techniques: 5 Key Design Points and Practical Cases

Unveiling I2C Pull-Up Resistor Value Techniques: 5 Key Design Points and Practical Cases Introduction: Why Must I2C Be Equipped with Pull-Up Resistors? In the communication between the main control chip and other modules (such as cameras, sensors, etc.) in embedded systems, the I2C bus is widely used due to its simplicity, reliability, and low cost. … Read more

Common PCB Layout Constraint Principles

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Common PCB Layout Constraint Principles

A good circuit board not only needs to achieve the functionality of the circuit design but also must consider electrical characteristics such as EMI, EMC, ESD (Electrostatic Discharge), and signal integrity. Additionally, mechanical structure and heat dissipation issues for high-power chips must be taken into account. On this basis, the aesthetic aspect of the circuit … Read more

Summary of PCB Process Design Experience

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Summary of PCB Process Design Experience

PCB Network City News Today, we share a summary of experiences in PCB process design, hoping to inspire industry colleagues.1 PCB Basic Technology 1.1 PCB Size and Shape The welding processing dimensions of PCB materials are width (200mm～250mm) * length (250mm～300mm).For PCBs with a long edge less than 125mm or a short edge less than … Read more

Bridging Chips and Circuit Boards – Packaging

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Bridging Chips and Circuit Boards - Packaging

The development of packaging has evolved from the early DIP to the current 3D ICs [1][2], with a variety of packaging types emerging. Just the QF series has spawned a long list of types such as QFN (no leads), QFP (with leads)… There are many choices in terms of product applications [3], and each type … Read more

Seven Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Oscilloscopes

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Seven Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Oscilloscopes

Editor’s Note: Oscilloscopes are almost an essential tool for electronic engineers, but not every engineer can use them effectively. This article shares seven common mistakes encountered when using oscilloscopes. These may align with what you’ve seen or differ, but of course, this is subjective. Ideally, all probes should be a wire that does not interfere … Read more

Function and Working Principle of Oscilloscope Probes

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Function and Working Principle of Oscilloscope Probes

Editor’s Note: This article is primarily compiled from Keysight’s related content on probes. Oscilloscopes have expanded their application range due to the existence of probes, enabling online testing and analysis of the electronic circuits being measured, as shown in the figure below: Function of Oscilloscope Probes The selection and use of probes need to consider … Read more