“The Path of an Excellent Engineer in Three Stages”
1. Basic Stage: Boto PLC Technology.
2. Intermediate Stage: Boto and C# Advanced Language Technology.
3. Advanced Stage: Standardized Programming Methods for PLCs.
The Path of Standardization!

A group member raised a question about the accuracy of analog signal conversion, which is universal, and shared it in 15 “Boto Friends” groups for discussion, sharing it with everyone.
1. Discussion in the Boto Group
Question from a group member: Hello everyone, I have a question: The voltage A/D conversion module of the S7-1200 PLC is 12 bits + sign bit, so the theoretical accuracy should be 1/4096; converting 0-10V voltage to 0-27648, the theoretical accuracy is 1/27648, which accuracy should be considered as the standard?
Rui Qingzhong: Very good question!
Group member: 4096, but Boto itself interpolates to 27648.
Group member: Boto’s 16-bit unipolar also uses 27648 as the standard, halving the accuracy.
Rui Qingzhong: Very accurate answer.
Question from a group member: Okay, I understand, thank you, Engineer Zeng.
Group member: I have been using Deque recently, and their module’s bit count is equal to the return value. For example, a 4-20mA 12-bit module returns a value of 0-4095. A 4-20mA 16-bit module returns a value of 0-65535.
Group member: Count bits from the high end.

Group member: If it is bipolar, it includes a sign bit, effectively halving the precision.
Group member: Siemens should have done this from a general usability perspective. A 12-bit accuracy of 98% is sufficient in most cases.
Group member: The conversion accuracy of 12 bits is 1/4096.

Group member: If you look at the ET200SP, the 16-bit precision module also gives you 0-27648, treating it as a 15-bit module.
Group member: If the precision is insufficient, it is interpolated to ensure general usability. Regardless of whether you use a sign bit or not, it ultimately results in 0-27648 or -27648 to +27648.
2. The 12 and 16 bits of the Boto PLC analog signals represent precision, while 0-27648 is the standardization of data processing.
Walk with the “Excellent Ones”!
Make technical learning easier!

Learning methods for PLC standardization: a process from chaos to insight and understanding.
Technical methods for PLC standardization: What technical points does standardization include? What is the relationship between these technical points?
Video explanation of the technical route for PLC standardization: S88 standard, technical architecture, and continuous iteration.
Discussion in the Boto group: Two groups discussed C# and SCL languages, finally clarifying the application of the SCL language.
The value of group communication: Real feedback from friends in the Siemens elite group over 6 years.
Book friends’ appointment: Release of three major supporting resources for Boto PLC books.
Join Boto Friends and meet excellent engineers.

Teacher Rui’s books (available for purchase on JD and Dangdang)
