In the process of PCB layout and routing, it is crucial to follow certain design guidelines to ensure the stability and reliability of the circuit. Below are 20 essential PCB layout design guidelines that we hope will be helpful to everyone. 1. Isolation of Strong and Weak Currents, High and Low Voltages, and High and … Read more
Common “Difficulties” in the Field One of the most troublesome issues during device debugging: RS-485 communication is unstable, with intermittent data transmission. The program logic is fine, the cable connections are correct, and there are no address conflicts, yet communication timeouts, data corruption, and sporadic failures still occur. Changing cables, adjusting baud rates, and checking … Read more
Definition of Impedance In a circuit with resistance, inductance, and capacitance, the hindrance to the current in the circuit is called impedance. Impedance is commonly represented by Z, which is a complex number. The real part is called resistance, and the imaginary part is called reactance. The hindrance caused by capacitance in the circuit to … Read more
The following is a comprehensive technical solution for hardware engineers to achieve Signal Integrity (SI), Power Integrity (PI), and EMC protection in PCB design, presented in a combination of tables and text: 1. Signal Integrity (SI) Design Specifications 1. Layout and Routing Optimization Impedance Matching: Ensure that the characteristic impedance of transmission lines (such as … Read more
In high-speed digital circuit debugging, many engineers utilize eye diagram analysis to assess signal integrity. By capturing eye diagrams with an oscilloscope, engineers can intuitively evaluate key metrics such as inter-symbol interference and noise margin. This article discusses the setup of eye diagrams using mainstream oscilloscopes like Tektronix. 1. Hardware Connection and Basic Setup ① … Read more
When designing multilayer PCBs, it is essential to configure the layering. The more layers a board has, the more layering schemes are available. Many people are not well-versed in multilayer PCB stacking, and a good layering scheme can reduce interference generated by the board. Our stacking structure is a crucial factor affecting the EMC performance … Read more
Understanding Printed Circuit Boards and Altium Designer Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) are the core components of electronic devices, used to connect and support electronic components.Altium Designer is the industry-leading PCB design software, widely used in the field of electronic design. 1. Basic Knowledge of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) 1. Structure of PCB Substrate: Usually made … Read more
Hello everyone, I am Goat. Continuing with some other signal quality issues related to I2C. If you encounter these problems, how can you resolve them? Back Reflection Back reflection poses significant risks to clock-type signals, and since the I2C CLK signal is a clock-type signal, the presence of back reflection can lead to sampling errors. … Read more
▲ Click the blue text above to follow us and not miss any valuable articles! This application note provides guidance and recommendations on the design and layout of radio frequency (RF) printed circuit boards (PCBs), including discussions on mixed-signal applications, such as digital, analog, and RF components on the same PCB. The content is organized … Read more
The following diagram shows a four-layer board, but the relevant content can also be applied to circuit boards with more layers. The core of a printed circuit board is a rigid fiberglass board, which is covered with copper foil on both the top and bottom. The core part is essentially a two-layer board. To increase … Read more