Clock Polarity

Comprehensive Overview of the Polarity of Radicals: Types and Characteristics

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Comprehensive Overview of the Polarity of Radicals: Types and Characteristics

Continuing from the previous article, this section will further introduce the types of radicals.The research team from Ohio State UniversityNagibsummarized the polarities of oxygen-centered radicals and sulfur-centered radicals.Oxygen-centered radicals are shown in Table 8. Unlike carbon-centered radicals substituted with oxygen (e.g., α– or β– alcohols), where the influence is determined by polarizability rather than electronegativity, … Read more

Understanding the SPI Bus Interface

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Understanding the SPI Bus Interface

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is one of the most widely used interfaces between microcontrollers and peripheral ICs (such as sensors, ADCs, DACs, shift registers, SRAM, etc.). SPI is a synchronous, full-duplex, master-slave interface. Data from the master or slave is synchronized on the rising or falling edge of the clock. Both the master and … Read more

Component Misalignment: Circuit Board Issues and Solutions

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Component Misalignment: Circuit Board Issues and Solutions

Polarity components require special attention throughout the PCBA processing, as incorrect orientation can lead to mass failures and the complete failure of the PCBA board. Therefore, it is crucial for engineering and production personnel to understand SMT polarity components. 1. Definition of Polarity Polarity refers to the positive and negative terminals of a component or … Read more

SPI Interface Explanation and Principles

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SPI Interface Explanation and Principles

01 【Introduction】 SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface, is a synchronous serial interface for device communication. SPI was developed by Motorola around 1985 and is suitable for short-distance, device-to-device communication. Since then, this interface has become a de facto standard adopted by many semiconductor manufacturers, especially microcontrollers (MCUs) and microprocessors (MPUs). 02 【SPI Interface】 The SPI bus … Read more