Hello everyone, welcome to <span>Lixin Embedded</span>. In the field of industrial automation, Modbus is undoubtedly a name that cannot be ignored. As a communication protocol that originated in the late 1970s, it has stood the test of time, quietly supporting the interconnectivity of countless factories and devices. Today, let’s discuss Modbus, the veteran protocol of … Read more
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is one of the most widely used interfaces between microcontrollers and peripheral ICs (such as sensors, ADCs, DACs, shift registers, SRAM, etc.). SPI is a synchronous, serial interface. Data from the master or slave is synchronized on the rising or falling edge of the clock. A common 4-wire interface is shown … Read more
A common misconception is that pull-up resistors are always required on SPI bus lines. I want to make it clear that pull-up resistors are not always necessary for the basic function of sending and receiving digital data on the SPI bus. The buffers in the SPI interface use a push-pull topology, which involves high-side and … Read more
▼For more exciting recommendations, please follow us ▼In daily life, we often encounter situations where devices lose power, such as mobile phones, smart wristbands, and computers; however, the stored information does not get lost, such as phone numbers, text messages, notes, WeChat, QQ messages, etc., which are all preserved. These items only disappear after a … Read more
The I2C waveform is one of the most common, and today we will directly discuss the diagram.Start Signal:Figure 1Acknowledge Signal:Figure 2Stop Signal:Figure 3Figure 4Acknowledgment:SACK: acknowledged by slave; the slave device acknowledges the signal, low level indicates received;MACK: acknowledged by master; the master device acknowledges the signal, low level indicates received;NACK: Not acknowledged; the device is … Read more
Introduction to Opto22 50 years focused on the forefront of global automation technology Founding member of the OPC UA protocol Released the world’s first edge programmable industrial controller in 2018 The only automation equipment manufacturer that offers a lifetime warranty on I/O modules Application of MQTT Protocol & SparkPlug Specification in Industrial IoTOpto22What is MQTT … Read more
Recently, I found a few HC-12 wireless modules that I had bought a long time ago from my drawer. I intended to use them to create a wireless remote control for a small toy, but during testing, when I connected to the computer and sent data through the serial debugging tool, it froze, although receiving … Read more
Click the blue text Follow us 1. First of all, UART and TTL are completely different concepts. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, which is a serial asynchronous communication protocol. The TTL level signal specifies that +5V is equivalent to logic “1” and 0V is equivalent to logic “0” (when using binary to represent data). … Read more
Concept of DMA DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows data transfer without direct control from the CPU. It creates a direct pathway for data transfer between RAM and I/O devices, significantly improving CPU efficiency. There are several methods for UART data reception: the interrupt mode of UART isthe most commonly used data transmission method in microcontrollers, … Read more
Click the blue text Follow us In November 2018, the Shanghai Stock Exchange established the Science and Technology Innovation Board (STAR Market); in July 2019, the STAR Market officially opened, with the first 25 companies ringing the bell for their IPOs. At the inception of the STAR Market, it coincided with a time of geopolitical … Read more