Data Transmission

In-Depth Analysis of RS-232 and RS-485: Working Principles, Performance Characteristics, and Application Scenarios

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In-Depth Analysis of RS-232 and RS-485: Working Principles, Performance Characteristics, and Application Scenarios

In the field of industrial communication and device connectivity, RS-232 and RS-485 are two commonly used serial communication standards. Their working principles determine their respective performance characteristics, which in turn affect their applicability in different scenarios. Below, the editor from Wuhan Liyoude will delve into the differences between the two in terms of transmission speed, … Read more

Low Earth Orbit Satellite IoT: Comprehensive Coverage in Air, Land, and Sea to Maintain Communication

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Low Earth Orbit Satellite IoT: Comprehensive Coverage in Air, Land, and Sea to Maintain Communication

Due to the ability of satellite communication to provide a low-cost network coverage solution for areas with relatively weak infrastructure, there has been a global surge in the construction of low Earth orbit satellite internet… Source｜Science and Technology Daily Author｜Xiu Ying Cao Editor｜An Qing In recent years, the industrial technology foundation for the “Internet of … Read more

A Comprehensive Guide to the Modbus Protocol

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A Comprehensive Guide to the Modbus Protocol

Hello everyone, welcome to <span>Lixin Embedded</span>. In the field of industrial automation, Modbus is undoubtedly a name that cannot be ignored. As a communication protocol that originated in the late 1970s, it has stood the test of time, quietly supporting the interconnectivity of countless factories and devices. Today, let’s discuss Modbus, the veteran protocol of … Read more

What is SPI Communication? An Introduction to SPI Hardware Design

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What is SPI Communication? An Introduction to SPI Hardware Design

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is one of the most widely used interfaces between microcontrollers and peripheral ICs (such as sensors, ADCs, DACs, shift registers, SRAM, etc.). SPI is a synchronous, serial interface. Data from the master or slave is synchronized on the rising or falling edge of the clock. A common 4-wire interface is shown … Read more

Is a Pull-Up Resistor Necessary for SPI Bus?

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Is a Pull-Up Resistor Necessary for SPI Bus?

A common misconception is that pull-up resistors are always required on SPI bus lines. I want to make it clear that pull-up resistors are not always necessary for the basic function of sending and receiving digital data on the SPI bus. The buffers in the SPI interface use a push-pull topology, which involves high-side and … Read more

A Detailed Explanation of the I2C Bus Protocol and Timing: Making It Easy for Beginners

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A Detailed Explanation of the I2C Bus Protocol and Timing: Making It Easy for Beginners

▼For more exciting recommendations, please follow us ▼In daily life, we often encounter situations where devices lose power, such as mobile phones, smart wristbands, and computers; however, the stored information does not get lost, such as phone numbers, text messages, notes, WeChat, QQ messages, etc., which are all preserved. These items only disappear after a … Read more

I2C Waveform Diagram Explanation

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I2C Waveform Diagram Explanation

The I2C waveform is one of the most common, and today we will directly discuss the diagram.Start Signal:Figure 1Acknowledge Signal:Figure 2Stop Signal:Figure 3Figure 4​Acknowledgment:SACK: acknowledged by slave; the slave device acknowledges the signal, low level indicates received;MACK: acknowledged by master; the master device acknowledges the signal, low level indicates received;NACK: Not acknowledged; the device is … Read more

Application of MQTT Protocol & SparkPlug Specification in Industrial IoT

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Application of MQTT Protocol & SparkPlug Specification in Industrial IoT

Introduction to Opto22 50 years focused on the forefront of global automation technology Founding member of the OPC UA protocol Released the world’s first edge programmable industrial controller in 2018 The only automation equipment manufacturer that offers a lifetime warranty on I/O modules Application of MQTT Protocol & SparkPlug Specification in Industrial IoTOpto22What is MQTT … Read more

Experience with HC-12 Wireless Module Data Transmission Issues

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Experience with HC-12 Wireless Module Data Transmission Issues

Recently, I found a few HC-12 wireless modules that I had bought a long time ago from my drawer. I intended to use them to create a wireless remote control for a small toy, but during testing, when I connected to the computer and sent data through the serial debugging tool, it froze, although receiving … Read more

Understanding UART and TTL

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Understanding UART and TTL

Click the blue text Follow us 1. First of all, UART and TTL are completely different concepts. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, which is a serial asynchronous communication protocol. The TTL level signal specifies that +5V is equivalent to logic “1” and 0V is equivalent to logic “0” (when using binary to represent data). … Read more