UART, SPI, and I2C are common serial communication methods in embedded development. The underlying communication principles are not difficult, but many beginners struggle to learn them.
Today, I will share some common low-level data transmission principles of these communication protocols.
1 UART Serial Communication
2 SPI Serial Communication
3 I²C Communication
I²C: Inter-Integrated Circuit, which literally means between integrated circuits, commonly referred to as I²C Bus.
I²C mainly distinguishes and identifies slave devices through addresses, and its communication principle is relatively simple.
4 Infrared Remote Control
Infrared remote control is quite common in our daily lives; most household remote controls use infrared.
Infrared remote control communicates by controlling pulse width (the duration of high and low levels) and establishes a communication link through infrared wireless signals (it cannot work if blocked, but can reflect).
5 Serial to Parallel Conversion Circuit
Serial to parallel conversion means converting serial data into parallel data. Serial data is transmitted bit by bit under clock control, and when it gathers into a whole (8 bits), it becomes one parallel data.
There are many ready-made chips for this type of converter, and the principle is very simple.
▲ Shift register with serial input and parallel output
6 Others
Here are some other principles of serial transmission (waveforms):
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