1. Key Points of UART Hardware Resources and Configuration UART Resources of ESP32ESP32 supports 3 UART controllers (UART0, UART1, UART2), but actual availability is limited by pin conflicts: UART0: Default for REPL debugging (flashing and serial monitoring), using GPIO1 (TX), GPIO3 (RX) UART1: Some development boards connect to external Flash/SD cards (conflicts should be avoided), … Read more
Table of Contents Introduction: Interface Protocols – The “Digital Language” of Embedded Systems 1. Low-Speed Communication Interfaces: Efficient Solutions for Simple Scenarios 2. High-Speed Communication Interfaces: The Backbone of Large Data Transmission 3. Specialized Domain Interfaces: “Specialists” for Specific Scenarios 4. Practical Applications and Selection Guide for Interface Protocols 5. Interactive Poll: Which Embedded Interface … Read more
FT4232HL-REEL Chip: The Multi-Protocol Translator in the Hardware World When Engineers Need Devices to “Speak” USB Language In industrial workshops, PLC controllers and computers are separated by high walls of communication protocols; the massive data collected by medical devices is stuck at transmission bottlenecks; even the smart home remote control in your hand may hide … Read more
Various communication protocols are used in automotive ECUs. Previous articles introduced several serial communication methods, such as: Understanding the SPI Protocol: Principles, Architecture, and Applications Understanding the I2C Communication Protocol Understanding the Differences Between I2C and SPI Buses Chassis Domain Control: Have You Heard of AK and PSI5? In this article, we will introduce another … Read more
The UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a serial communication device that serves as a bidirectional, serial, asynchronous communication bus. It can achieve full-duplex communication using one data receiving line (RX), one data transmitting line (TX), and a ground line (GND). As shown in the figure below: When communicating using UART, the unit of transmission is … Read more
1. Comparison of Communication Speeds: SPI, I2C, UART SPI > I2C > UART 1. Synchronous communication > Asynchronous communication; 2. In synchronous communication, a clock line must connect both ends of the transmission; 3. All are serial communication methods, while parallel communication is used for internal storage communication, such as flash; 4. The suitable transmission … Read more
UART in Embedded Communication Protocols In the first phase, we have mastered the basic theory and preliminary practice of UART, including the basic concepts of frame structure and baud rate. Now, we will delve into the configuration details of the UART protocol, particularly focusing on the calculation of baud rate error and the application of … Read more
C++ Embedded Development: Basics and Practices of Hardware Programming Introduction With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and smart devices, the demand for embedded systems is increasing. C++, as an efficient and flexible programming language, is widely used in embedded development. This article will introduce the basic concepts of C++ in embedded development, … Read more
Content Hello everyone, I am Bug Jun~In industrial communication and embedded development, RS485 has become one of the mainstream buses due to its high anti-interference capability and multi-node support. However, many engineers often confuse two key signals when debugging RS485: DE and RTS. They both appear to be “control send” signals, and in some circuits, … Read more
The previous article organized common communication interfaces I (RS232/RS485/USB/TYPE-C principles and differences), and in this article, we continue to organize the principles and differences of CAN, I2C, SPI, UART, and GPIO. 1.CAN Bus Interface 1)Definition CAN stands for Controller Area Network, developed by the German company BOSCH, known for its research and production of automotive … Read more