RS-485 Communication Protocol Overview The typical serial communication standards are RS-232 and RS-485, which define voltage, impedance, etc., but do not specify software protocols. The RS-485 bus standard defines the electrical characteristics of the bus interface, specifically the definitions for two logic states: a positive level between +2V and +6V represents one logic state, while … Read more
1 UART UART is an asynchronous serial communication protocol, with the full English name Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. Unlike communication protocols such as SPI and I2C, it is also a commonly used IP in SoCs. Its greatest advantage is that it uses only two wires for communication, supporting full-duplex, meaning one wire (UTx) is used for … Read more
Zaher Baidas Vice President and General Manager of the Renesas Timing Product Division Clocks lay the foundation for the operation of every electronic device. Clock-synchronized data signals are often referred to as the metronome of the chip industry, ensuring system reliability. However, today’s timing products are no longer just about maintaining the rhythm of a … Read more
Serial interfaces are primarily used for serial bit-by-bit data transmission, allowing for bidirectional communication with just a pair of transmission lines, which offers the advantages of simple communication lines and low costs. Nowadays, many serial data interfaces are used in specific fields, with common examples including I2C, CAN, LIN, SPI, Flex, MOST, and I2S. Of … Read more
For more exciting content, please click the blue text above to follow me! ————————————— Research Journey With a firm understanding of cutting-edge technology, I reminisce about my deep research during my spare time. I often write articles on my computer, ensuring to publish one every day. As the months pass, my passion grows stronger, and … Read more
Background: Recently, while debugging a ChatGPT dialogue website, I encountered issues with large data responses, leading me to use stream reading. The initial HTTP calls worked without any problems, but when switching to HTTPS in production, I kept facing errors. After struggling with this issue for two days, I finally resolved it with the help … Read more
Click the Blue Text Follow Us Introduction to SPI SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a synchronous serial communication protocol used for data transmission between devices over short distances. It is commonly used for communication between microcontrollers and external devices such as sensors, flash memory, displays, etc. SPI has the following main characteristics: Basic Principles SPI … Read more
1. What is the Validity of IIC Protocol Data? (1) Data Transmission Format Start and Stop Conditions: When the SCL line is high, a transition from high to low on the SDA line indicates a start condition; when SCL is high, a transition from low to high on the SDA line indicates a stop condition. … Read more
More content can be found in the Linux system knowledge base package (tutorials + videos + Q&A): Linux System Knowledge Base Package Article Directory 1. Setup Stage: Transaction 1.1. Token Packet 1.2. DATA0 Data Packet 2. Explanation of Optional Data Stage Packets 3. Explanation of Status Stage Packets Control transfer consists of three stages: setup … Read more
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