Abstract: With the rapid development of electronic technology, the types of memory are becoming increasingly diverse, and each type of memory has its unique operation timing. To improve the testing efficiency of memory chips, a multifunctional memory chip testing system has emerged. This paper proposes a hardware design and implementation for a multifunctional memory chip … Read more
Hello everyone! Through our previous lessons, we have gained an understanding of how to use the ICD2 emulator and enhanced PIC development board. We have learned how to control resources such as LEDs, relays, buzzers, buttons, seven-segment displays, RS232 serial, stepper motors, and temperature sensors with microcontrollers. You must have felt the ease of use … Read more
The I²C bus is very common in embedded systems, but recently in a group (possibly a beginner group) communication, I was quite surprised that many people do not even understand the I²C bus basics. Today, I will explain the timing of the I²C bus. Many electronic engineers should know about the I²C bus from EEPROM … Read more
●IIC Bus 1. Concept of IIC I²C stands for Inter-Integrated Circuit, using two bidirectional lines: one Serial Data Line (SDA) and one Serial Clock (SCL). SCL: The rising edge inputs data into each EEPROM device; the falling edge drives the EEPROM device to output data (edge-triggered). SDA: The bidirectional data line is an open-drain configuration, … Read more
In embedded systems, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is often used to store data that needs to be changed frequently and should not be lost due to power interruptions. However, since STM32 does not have built-in EEPROM, how can we solve this problem and meet storage requirements? 1. Use External EEPROM Chips When STM32 … Read more
Embedded Developers Essential Knowledge to Know Knowledge of ROM, FLASH, and Hard Drive Technology In embedded development, if the chip has internal Flash, the application program is usually stored in the internal FLASH of the chip, such as in Cortex-M series microcontrollers; if the chip does not have Flash, the application is usually stored in … Read more
In the creative world of Arduino, when we desire to enable our small development board to collaborate seamlessly with various external devices, achieving more complex and powerful functions, the Wire library emerges like a hidden master, quietly facilitating our connection with I2C devices. Today, let us unveil the mystery of the Wire library and explore … Read more
1. Introduction If you bought the BBB for hardware-related projects, you will likely need to create a cape. The term cape is the official name from BBB, referring to the software and hardware peripherals of the BBB. By learning about the device tree, we understand that BBB uses capemgr and device tree to control the … Read more
1. Introduction to SPI SPI, short for Serial Peripheral Interface, is a serial communication interface defined by Motorola for its MC68HCXX series processors. The SPI interface is mainly used between EEPROM, FLASH, real-time clocks, AD converters, as well as digital signal processors and digital signal decoders. SPI is a high-speed, full-duplex, synchronous communication bus that … Read more
There has been a rumor circulating that the STM32 hardware I2C design has bugs, and it is better not to use it, as software I2C is more reliable. For a long time, to avoid unnecessary trouble, I have never used hardware I2C, mainly because software I2C is also quite convenient and can be used on … Read more