The role of the capacitor in the 3.3V voltage regulator circuit Generally speaking, the input capacitor of a 3.3V voltage regulator chip is for filtering, while the output capacitor is to prevent oscillation and maintain voltage regulation performance. However, this is not an absolute rule; as chip designs improve and processes become more sophisticated, some … Read more
Integrated circuits are made by arranging numerous components such as resistors, diodes, and transistors in the form of a circuit on semiconductor silicon wafers, then connecting pins and packaging them. Integrated circuits are commonly referred to as integrated blocks.The LM380 shown in the figure (a) is a common audio amplifier integrated circuit, with its internal … Read more
1. Common Electrical Symbols Drawing Methods 1. Several Basic Concepts: Contact: The dynamic contact point of the electrical device, also known as the contact head. Make: This describes the action of the contact point, closing (connecting) when energized, also known as normally open; a make contact is also called a normally open contact. Break: This … Read more
Introduction Recently, I discovered a project on GitHub that is an open-source embedded hardware and software project — a fast charging solution for lithium batteries based on STM32G0, powered by a Type C interface charger, implemented with STM32G0, supporting charging for 1s – 4s lithium battery packs, and also supporting 2s-4s balance charging functionality. At … Read more
In today’s world where smart devices are ubiquitous, Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) serve as the “skeleton” and “lifeblood” of electronic products, silently carrying the flow of current and the transmission of signals. Whether it’s a smartphone, computer, or smart home device, the realization of core functions is inseparable from the precise layout of PCBs. 1. … Read more
Whether it’s a board made by someone else or a PCB board designed and produced by yourself, the first thing to do is check the integrity of the board, such as tin plating, cracks, short circuits, open circuits, and drilling issues. If the board’s function is relatively critical, it’s also good to check the resistance … Read more
1.Definition A PCB buried via is a hole that connects different layers of conductive traces within a multilayer printed circuit board. Unlike through holes and blind vias, buried vias are completely hidden inside the PCB and are not visible on the surface. This design allows the PCB to maintain high-density routing while optimizing signal transmission … Read more
In the field of electronic engineering, debugging (Debug) circuit boards is an indispensable part of the product development process, directly related to whether the product’s functions and performance meet the standards. In the face of complex digital circuit systems, an efficient and organized Debug process is particularly important. So how can we effectively perform its … Read more
In the design and manufacturing process of electronic products, the PCB acts as a bridge connecting various electronic components. Its quality directly affects the overall performance and reliability of the product. Therefore, engineers must conduct strict inspections on the PCB to ensure that the product is flawless and can achieve optimal efficiency and performance. So, … Read more
When hardware engineers first encounter multi-layer PCBs, it can be quite overwhelming. With layers often reaching ten, the circuits resemble a spider’s web. Today, I created several internal structure diagrams of multi-layer PCBs, using 3D graphics to showcase various layered structures within the PCB. 01 The Core of High-Density Interconnection Boards (HDI) Lies in the … Read more