So far, protocols such as I2C, SPI, and UART remain the most commonly used communication protocols in electronic embedded devices. In this article, we will analyze these three protocols to provide a clear and intuitive understanding of their functions, advantages, and limitations, supplemented with GIF animations. I2C Protocol I2C is a serial communication protocol typically … Read more
On a motherboard, there are numerous devices, and the order of their initialization is critical. For example, on an ESP32, an I2C device must be initialized before other devices that depend on it. In Zephyr, the initialization order of devices is controlled through device initialization levels, priorities, and the device tree. Initialization Methods There are … Read more
1. UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) The host and slave must connect at least three wires: RX, TX, and GND. TX is used for sending data, while RX is for receiving data (the transmission and reception are not on the same line, hence it is full-duplex). Basic Characteristics: Asynchronous Communication: No shared clock signal, relies on … Read more
I2C, as the most convenient and simplest onboard communication method, has certain scenarios where it is not suitable, and there are timing considerations to be aware of. Hardware Interface • Simple hardware interface with only two wires • SCL (Serial Clock) / SDA (Serial Data) • Low communication speed and low communication requirements • Fast: … Read more
Digital power modules utilize various communication protocols such as I2C, SPI, CAN, UART, etc., as well as interaction protocols based on these, such as CANopen, SAE 1939, SMbus, PMbus, Modbus, etc. This article simulates a Q&A session regarding I2C communication knowledge. Question 1: What are the components of I2C communication, and what are their functions? … Read more
Embedded Development in C: I2C Communication Protocol Introduction I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a widely used serial communication protocol, commonly utilized for communication between microcontrollers and various peripherals. It was developed by Philips in the early 1980s, primarily for short-distance, low-speed data transmission. I2C offers advantages such as simplicity, flexibility, and multi-master support, making it well-suited … Read more
In the complex world of electronic circuits, various circuit module devices need to communicate with each other to work together. The I2C interface acts as a communication bridge between these circuit module devices, and today we will take a deep dive into it. 1. Starting with a Physical Example The image below shows an I2C … Read more
Microcontroller development engineers and electronics enthusiasts deal with various digital circuits daily. In addition to using multimeters and oscilloscopes for circuit debugging, a logic analyzer is also essential. A logic analyzer is an instrument that collects and displays digital signals from a test device using a clock, primarily for timing analysis. Unlike oscilloscopes, a logic … Read more
With the rapid development of electronic technology, microcontrollers are increasingly used in various electronic systems. Initially, there were not many issues in simple systems, but in complex systems, multiple microcontrollers need to work together to achieve their respective functions and communicate with each other. Therefore, learning how to choose the communication method for microcontrollers is … Read more
These animated diagrams displaying signal waveforms in electronic systems help us understand the mechanisms of transmission. 1 SPI Transmission ▲ Figure 1 SPI Data Transmission ▲ Figure 1.2 SPI Data Transmission (2) ▲ Figure 1.3 SPI Timing Signal 2 I²C Transmission ▲ Figure 1.2.1 I2C Bus and Addressing Method 3 UART Transmission ▲ Figure 1.3.1 … Read more