1. Introduction 1.1 Project Development Background With the deep penetration of smart home technology and the rapid development of embedded microcontroller (MCU) technology, the application of large-scale integrated circuits in the consumer electronics field is becoming increasingly widespread. Home lighting devices are upgrading from “single lighting” to “smart adaptation and humanized services.” As a core … Read more
“ This article introduces the working principle of encoders and explains how to use the STM32 microcontroller’s timer encoder mode.“ 01 — Introduction to Encoders 1.1 What is an Encoder? An encoder is a sensor device that converts physical quantities (such as rotational angle, linear displacement, etc.) into electrical signals, widely used in the following … Read more
Unfortunately, my calibration source has malfunctioned. In the spirit of diligence and learning, I have thoroughly studied the principles of the FLUKE 5700 DAC and plan to document my learning process while also creating a test board for practical application. The FLUKE 5700 indeed uses PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) for DAC output: (1) It only … Read more
Long press the QR code below to enter the public account Catalog 1 Introduction…………………………………………. 1 2 System Discussion……………………………………… 2 2.1 Design Background……………………………………………………………………….. 2 2.2 Design Concept……………………………………………………………………….. 2 2.3 System Framework Design………………………………………………………………… 2 3 PWMPulse Width Modulation Principle………………………………. 4 3.1 PWMSpeed Control Principle…………………………………………………………………. 4 3.2 PWMSpeed Control Method…………………………………………………………………. 4 3.3 PWMImplementation Method…………………………………………………………………. 4 4 System Hardware … Read more
Principle of Negative Voltage Generation Circuit Diagram In electronic circuits, we often need to use negative voltage. For example, when using operational amplifiers, we often need to establish a negative voltage. Below, we will briefly discuss the circuit that converts +5V to -5V as an example. When negative voltage is required, dedicated negative voltage generation … Read more
Welcome back to “Mind+ and ESP32: A Journey of AIoT Enlightenment for Kids”! In Lesson 5, “Light-Controlled Lamp”, we created a smart streetlight that can sense the environment and automatically light up, giving hardware its first ability to “think”. 👉 To review Lesson 5, please click: “Light-Controlled Lamp: Creating a Streetlight that Can ‘Think’, Starting … Read more
If we compare a pure electric vehicle to a running beast, the motor is the heart, and the motor controller is the “nervous center” that precisely regulates the heartbeat. Hidden deep within the vehicle, it directly determines the smoothness of power output, energy efficiency, and driving safety—this article will break down the structural logic of … Read more
Servo 1 0°→90°→180° My approach is as follows: first, consider which specific timer and which channel to use, then perform clock enabling operations for the corresponding GPIO and timer. Next, initialize the timer part to ensure a 50Hz output period, as we are outputting PWM with high and low levels. Therefore, the pin must be … Read more
1. Module Overview Project Name Detailed Parameters Remarks Hardware Power Supply DC 10V-24V @ No Load 0.1A Protection Current 1.5A Output DQ 8-channel solid-state relay output, response time less than 5ms Protection Current 0.7A Input DI 8-channel opto-isolated input, compatible with NPN sensors Input AI 4-channel 24-bit ADC high-precision analog signal acquisition, range 3300mV ADS1220 … Read more
Microcontroller development engineers and electronics enthusiasts deal with various digital circuits daily. In addition to using tools like multimeters and oscilloscopes for circuit debugging, logic analyzers are also essential. A logic analyzer is an instrument that collects and displays digital signals from a test device using a clock, primarily for timing analysis.Unlike oscilloscopes, logic analyzers … Read more