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1. Core Requirements for Ventilation
1.Design of Cabinet Ventilation Holes
(1)Opening Area: The cabinet under the embedded stove must have ventilation holes, with a total opening area of ≥ 80cm², ensuring communication with the atmosphere to avoid gas accumulation and incomplete combustion of the stove leading to CO emissions exceeding standards.
(2)Opening Position: Natural gas is lighter than air, so the ventilation hole should be near the top of the cabinet; liquefied petroleum gas is heavier than air, and the ventilation hole should be close to the ground; ventilation holes should avoid being blocked to ensure natural air circulation.
(3)Material Requirements: The interior of the cabinet should use non-combustible or difficult-to-burn materials; if wooden materials are used, fireproof insulation boards must be installed.
2.Gas Pipeline and Hose Specifications
(1)Pipeline Fixation: Gas pipelines must be fixed with pipe clamps to avoid shaking that could loosen connections.
(2)Hose Selection: Rubber hoses are prohibited; stainless steel corrugated pipes are recommended, with a length ≤ 2 meters, and should not be passed through walls or buried.
(3)Connection Sealing: For connections, prioritize using threaded joints for hard connections, avoid using threaded/socket adapters, and regularly check gas tightness with soapy water.
3.Installation Spacing and Safety Distances
(1)The side of the stove must be at least 10 cm from the wall, and the edge of the stove must be at least 20 cm from wooden furniture (if insufficient, fireproof insulation boards must be added).
(2)When the gas meter is installed above the gas stove, the horizontal clearance between the gas meter and the stove must be ≥ 30 cm.
2. Standards and Safety Logic
1.National Standards
(1)GB 16410-2020: Clearly states that embedded stove cabinets must have ventilation holes; otherwise, gas accumulation due to leaks may cause explosions.
(2)GB 50028-2006: Specifies that gas appliances must be installed in well-ventilated kitchens and are prohibited in bedrooms, enclosed balconies, and other areas.
(3)GB 51142-2015: For liquefied petroleum gas, it requires ventilation openings to be close to the ground, and mechanical ventilation is needed when natural ventilation is insufficient.
2.Safety Logic
(1)Gas Explosion Risk: The explosion limits for natural gas are 5%-15%, and for liquefied petroleum gas, 1.5%-9.5%; gas leaks in enclosed spaces can easily reach the lower explosion limit, leading to fire or explosion.
(2)Incomplete Combustion Risk: Insufficient ventilation leads to incomplete combustion of the stove, generating CO, with concentrations ≥0.08% capable of causing unconsciousness; embedded stoves are more likely to cause local oxygen deficiency due to cabinet obstruction of the air inlet.
3. Accident Case Analysis
1.Case 1: Insufficient Cabinet Ventilation Leading to Gas Explosion (2022, Zhejiang)
(1)Accident Overview: The cabinet under the embedded stove had no ventilation holes, and the liquefied petroleum gas hose aged and leaked, accumulating in the cabinet and exploding upon encountering an open flame.
(2)Direct Cause: The absence of ventilation holes made gas leaks difficult to detect, accumulating in an enclosed space, quickly reaching the explosion limit and igniting upon contact with a spark.
(3)Lessons Learned: The gas company’s safety inspection did not timely check for ventilation hazards, and users lacked safety knowledge.
2.Case 2: Incomplete Combustion Leading to CO Poisoning (2023, Guangdong)
(1)Accident Overview: The embedded stove, due to cabinet enclosure and prolonged operation, experienced incomplete combustion; with the kitchen doors and windows closed, CO concentration increased, causing three family members to lose consciousness.
(2)Direct Cause: Poor ventilation led to incomplete combustion and exacerbated exhaust accumulation.
(3)Lessons Learned: When using gas, it is necessary to maintain ventilation in the cabinet and room to develop good gas usage habits.
4. Optimization Suggestions and User Guidelines
1.Installation Phase
(1)The total area of cabinet ventilation holes must be ≥ 80cm², and multiple small holes should be pre-drilled to enhance air flow.
(2)Use stoves with flameout protection and gas-electric linkage functions to reduce the risk of gas leaks during combustion interruptions.
2.Daily Maintenance
(1)Check the gas tightness of connections with soapy water and clean the burner from grease.
(2)Replace stainless steel corrugated pipes (lifespan 8-10 years).
(3)Check if ventilation holes are blocked.
(4)Maintain good ventilation in the gas-using room.
3.Renovation and Upgrading
(1)Dark kitchens must be equipped with mechanical exhaust and gas alarms, linked to automatic shut-off valves.
(2)Enclosed cabinets should be timely drilled to meet ventilation requirements.