Xiao Zhi AI Communication Protocol Fix: Registering Devices via OTA Interface

Xiao Zhi AI Communication Protocol Fix: Registering Devices via OTA Interface

Last week, I organized the WebSocket communication protocol of Xiao Zhi AI, titled “Reproducing Xiao Zhi AI Step 2: Learning Its WebSocket Protocol with Two Core Flowcharts“, and later during debugging, I discovered a missing point, which was the omission of the device registration step. Initially, I found the <span>"OTA_VERSION_URL": "https://api.tenclass.net/xiaozhi/ota/"</span> field in the configuration … Read more

Unveiling ARM Cortex-M Startup: From Power-On to Your main() Function

Unveiling ARM Cortex-M Startup: From Power-On to Your main() Function

Today, let’s delve into a seemingly basic yet often overlooked topic — what exactly happens from the moment you press the reset button until your <span>main()</span> function begins execution? Startup Process Overview: The Journey of System Awakening Imagine your MCU as a robot just awakened. It needs to get dressed (load the stack), understand its … Read more

Baiwei Showcases Truly Domestic Self-Developed Power eMMC, Accelerating the Implementation of New Power Systems

Baiwei Showcases Truly Domestic Self-Developed Power eMMC, Accelerating the Implementation of New Power Systems

From April 14 to April 16, 2025, the 50th China Electric Instrument and Meter Industry Development Conference and Exhibition opened in Chongqing, where Baiwei Storage showcased its highly reliable and stable power storage solutions for all scenarios, assisting customers in the production implementation of new power system products. Truly Domestic, Fully Self-Developed Power-Specific eMMC Customized … Read more

OpenWrt Firmware Signing and Verification

OpenWrt Firmware Signing and Verification

When upgrading OpenWrt using sysupgrade, only the header image of the firmware is checked for validity, and the integrity of the firmware is not verified. Therefore, if the firmware has a valid header but other parts are corrupted or modified, it poses a risk, and upgrading could lead to bricking the device. To verify the … Read more

Understanding How to Flash OpenWrt Firmware

Understanding How to Flash OpenWrt Firmware

This morning, a user privately messaged me asking how to flash OpenWrt on a CPE I had never heard of before, which left me momentarily stumped. On one hand, the likelihood is 99% that the person asking this question is a beginner. Many people get into OpenWrt because they hear it can flash various firmware, … Read more

Unable to Access Web Page After Flashing OpenWrt Firmware?

Unable to Access Web Page After Flashing OpenWrt Firmware?

Yesterday, a user privately messaged me asking how to resolve the issue of being unable to access the web page after flashing the OpenWrt firmware on their K2P device. During our chat, it was clear that they had little foundational knowledge, so today I am organizing some thoughts, but you will still need to explore … Read more

OpenWRT Software Sources

OpenWRT Software Sources

The official OpenWRT mirror site for downloading OpenWRT is: URL: https://downloads.openwrt.org/This is the main site for OpenWRT, providing all official versions of firmware and packages. It is the primary source for obtaining the latest stable versions, development versions (snapshots), and historical versions. The official OpenWRT GitHub repository: URL: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrtAlthough primarily used for code storage and … Read more

Embedded Software and Hardware Development

Embedded Software and Hardware Development

1. Core Components Hardware Layer: Processor: MCU (e.g., STM32), MPU (e.g., ARM Cortex-A), DSP (e.g., TI C6000), or FPGA (e.g., Xilinx). Peripherals: Sensors, ADC/DAC, communication interfaces (UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, etc.). Power Management: Low power design (e.g., dynamic voltage scaling). Software Layer: Firmware Development: Bare-metal code or RTOS (FreeRTOS, Zephyr) based on C/C++/Rust. Driver Development: … Read more

Jieli Visualization SDK – Compiling with Makefile and Firmware Output

Jieli Visualization SDK - Compiling with Makefile and Firmware Output

Follow+Star Public Account Number, don’t miss out on exciting content Many friends have asked in the background whether it is possible to develop applications based on JieliSDK without installing the Jieli visualization tool. The Jieli VisualizationSDK supports compilation using makefile in both Windows and Linux environments. By default, the SDK supports compilation and downloading in … Read more