Array Signal Processing

Digital-to-Analog and Analog-to-Digital Conversion in Microcontrollers

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Digital-to-Analog and Analog-to-Digital Conversion in Microcontrollers

The digital-to-analog (DAC) and analog-to-digital (ADC) conversion in microcontrollers is a key technology that connects digital systems with the analog world. 1. Basic Concepts 1. DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) Function: Converts digital signals into analog signals (such as voltage or current). Application Scenarios: Driving motors, audio output, LED dimming, etc. Implementation Methods: Weighted resistor networks, R-2R … Read more

Application of PLC High-Speed Counters: Achieving an Accuracy Error Rate of 0.1%!

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Application of PLC High-Speed Counters: Achieving an Accuracy Error Rate of 0.1%!

“PLC High-Speed Counters: The Black Technology That Makes Equipment’s ‘Heartbeat’ Accurate to 0.1%!” 1️⃣ Single-phase Counter: The ‘Lone Ranger’ Expertise: A single signal line can handle simple counting scenarios. Pitfall: Weak anti-interference ability, prone to ‘going crazy’ under electromagnetic interference. 2️⃣ Dual-phase Counter: The ‘Dual Swordsman’ Expertise: Two signal lines distinguish forward and reverse rotation, … Read more

Challenges in PLC Programming: Understanding Positive and Negative Edges

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Challenges in PLC Programming: Understanding Positive and Negative Edges

In PLC programming, the positive edge and negative edge are key signal characteristics that trigger logical operations. They are commonly used to avoid signal jitter, achieve precise counting, or control execution order. If not mastered, their usage may lead to program logic confusion, false triggering, or functional failure. The following analysis covers principles, application scenarios, … Read more

Microcontroller: Choosing Between DAC and PWM for Audio Output? Test Data Reveals the Answer!

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Microcontroller: Choosing Between DAC and PWM for Audio Output? Test Data Reveals the Answer!

Hello everyone, I am Xiao Chen. Today, let’s discuss a practical topic: how can microcontrollers output audio signals? Currently, there are two mainstream solutions: directly using a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) or using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) for analog output. Both methods have their pros and cons, and many beginners can easily get confused. Today, I … Read more

Domestic Aerospace-Grade FPGA Chip Unveiled, Breaking Foreign Monopoly!

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Domestic Aerospace-Grade FPGA Chip Unveiled, Breaking Foreign Monopoly!

In recent years, one of the hot topics in the military sector has been chips. The United States has imposed a long-standing blockade and sanctions on Chinese chips, refusing to sell any military-grade chips and restricting many high-end civilian chips. The ZTE incident serves as a significant lesson: without mastering core technologies, one can be … Read more

Addressing a Commonly Overlooked Bottleneck in Modern DSPs

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Addressing a Commonly Overlooked Bottleneck in Modern DSPs

(This article is adapted from SemiWiki) When discussing the bottlenecks faced by Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), the focus often lies on computational throughput—such as the number of Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operations per second, the width of vector units, and clock frequencies. However, after engaging in-depth discussions with embedded AI engineers focused on real-time voice processing, radar … Read more

RFSoC: A Revolutionary Innovation in Radar Systems

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RFSoC: A Revolutionary Innovation in Radar Systems

Introduction “We are not building devices; we are writing the game theory of the electromagnetic space.” The evolution of radar technology is essentially a wireless cycle of “perception-deception-countermeasure.” In modern warfare, mastering a more advanced “electromagnetic eye” illuminates victory amidst the fog of battle. In July 2024, Russia’s Kh-35 missile precisely destroyed Ukraine’s Skala-M and … Read more

Drawing Bode Plots with STM32 and Python: Unlocking New Skills in Signal Processing

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Drawing Bode Plots with STM32 and Python: Unlocking New Skills in Signal Processing

In electronic circuit design, the Bode plot is an essential tool for analyzing the frequency characteristics of circuits. However, professional instruments often start at a high price, making them unfriendly for beginners and makers. Today, we present a low-cost, easy-to-use open-source project— based on the STM32G031 microcontroller, which accurately collects analog signals through ADC and … Read more

Common Filtering Methods for Microcontroller ADC

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Common Filtering Methods for Microcontroller ADC

▲ For more exciting content, please click the blue text above to follow us! Nowadays, the variety and quantity of sensors are increasing, and many of these sensors utilize analog signals, which rely on ADC. However, the analog signals collected by our microcontroller’s ADC generally undergo “filtering” processing before they can be used. Below, we … Read more

Arduino Lesson 7: Analog Signals

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Arduino Lesson 7: Analog Signals

Arduino Lesson 6: Digital Signals Rubin said April 21, 2025 11:56 Qinghai 01Analog SignalsAnalog signals: are information expressed by continuously varying physical quantities, also known as continuous signals that have multiple different values within a certain time range.During the transmission process, the information signal is first converted into an electrical signal (hence called “analog”), and … Read more