1. Application Layer The application layer is the first layer of the TCP/IP protocol, directly providing services to application processes. (Data unit: message) It supports the World Wide Web with HTTP, email with SMTP, and file transfer with the FTP protocol. 2. Transport Layer Responsible for providing general data transmission services for communication between processes … Read more
☝ Click on the above “Smartlabs”, and follow us 1. The Shift from Fragmentation to Unification in Smart Home Protocols 1.1 Three Technological Revolutions Reshaping the Industry Landscape The birth of the Zigbee protocol in 2003 was like injecting the first stream of vitality into smart homes. Its low-power characteristics based on the IEEE 802.15.4 … Read more
1. Overview of SPI Communication SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a synchronous serial communication protocol developed by Motorola (now NXP), primarily used for short-distance, high-speed communication between master and slave devices. Its features include full-duplex transmission, master-slave architecture, and no complex protocol layers, making it widely used in embedded devices such as memory (e.g., Flash), … Read more
1. Introduction to SPI SPI, which stands for Serial Peripheral Interface, is a synchronous serial communication protocol originally defined by Motorola for its MC68HCXX series processors. The SPI interface is primarily used for communication between EEPROMs, FLASH memory, real-time clocks, ADCs, as well as digital signal processors and digital signal decoders. SPI is a high-speed, … Read more
Requirements As a professional in the IoT industry, having worked on numerous IoT projects, the requirements for an IoT platform are very clear: 1.The supported protocols need to be numerous enough, with common protocols like MQTT and Modbus needing to be supported and easily extensible. 2.The system management must be comprehensive: user management, permission management, … Read more
Famous streamer Bang Laosan predictsthat the opening time for ICC in World of Warcraft has been banned, and there were previous predictions from so-called “uncle parties”. Currently, there is no official announcement from Leihuo, so everyone should follow Leihuo’s updates.World of Warcraft’s national server opened normal TOC on January 16,and HTOC opened on February 27, … Read more
Introduction In the previous article, “Common Application Layer Protocols: Analyzing HTTP from a Traffic Perspective (Part 2),” we introduced the concept, principles, development history, traffic decoding, and simple analysis methods of the HTTP protocol from a traffic analysis perspective. We also discussed two important metrics: request methods and status codes. Today, we bring you the … Read more
MESSAGE QUEUING TELEMETRY TRANSPORTWhat is the “MQTT” Protocol? MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922) based on the publish-subscribe paradigm. It operates on top of the TCP/IP protocol and is designed for remote devices with limited hardware capabilities and poor network conditions, making it a publish/subscribe messaging protocol that is lightweight, … Read more
In the rapidly evolving field of smart home technology, understanding the protocols that power your devices is crucial. The two major players in this field are the Matter protocol and the Zigbee protocol. Both protocols aim to make your smart home more interconnected and efficient, but they achieve this in different ways. In this comprehensive … Read more
HTTP is the cornerstone of the internet, the most important and widely used protocol in browsers, and the communication language between browsers and servers. HTTP/0.9 HTTP/0.9 was proposed in 1991, primarily for academic communication, to transmit HTML hypertext content between networks, hence it is called the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HTTP/0.9 Request Process The request line … Read more