1. Introduction The copper in the vias of a printed circuit board (PCB) is akin to the neural network (blood vessels) of the human body, interspersed within the substrate “body” to provide the basic pathways for signal transmission and current conduction. Once a via copper break occurs, it is like a nerve being severed, preventing … Read more
When it comes to the protocols we encounter most in computer networks, we cannot ignore the TCP/IP protocol. The TCP/IP protocol is also the most famous protocol on the Internet, so let’s discuss the TCP/IP protocol together. Historical Background of TCP/IP Before the TCP/IP protocol existed, back in the 1960s, many countries and regions recognized … Read more
Blue Team – Technical Exchange In the field of information security, the characteristics of network security can be classified according to the OSI reference model, facilitating a systematic approach to analyzing and researching information network security risks. What is the OSI Reference Model? The OSI (Open System Interconnect) model, commonly known as the “OSI Reference … Read more
Fundamentals of Networking 1、OSI（Open System Interconnection）Open System Interconnection Model Seven-layer model: Layer 1: Physical Layer : Transmission of raw bit streams over mechanical, electronic, and timing interfaces communication channels Layer 2: Data Link Layer: Physical addressing, while transforming the raw bit stream into logical transmission lines Layer 3: Network Layer: Controls the operation of subnets, … Read more
The Concept of OSI: Open System Interconnect is a reference model defined by ISO (International Organization for Standardization). It is a flexible, robust, and interoperable model, not a protocol, commonly used to analyze and design network architecture. The OSI model is divided into seven layers: OSI divides the network into seven layers, from bottom to … Read more
First Author: Li Pengcheng Corresponding Author: Li Ge Affiliation: University of Alberta, Canada [Research Background] Current lithium-ion batteries rely on intercalation chemistry, achieving an energy density of about 250 Wh kg-1. However, there is a continuous demand for higher energy density (500 Wh kg-1), especially for electric vehicles and even electric aircraft. One potential method … Read more
Click to Follow: PTC Coating Anti-Corrosion Technology Authors: Du Juan, Li Fang, Song Hai Peng, Wei Zi Ming, Li Xiang Yun School of European Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300 0 Introduction The single-layer anti-corrosion coatings prepared on metal surfaces cannot provide efficient and lasting protection due to issues like insufficient density … Read more