With the rapid development of electronic technology, microcontrollers have become one of the essential basic components in many fields. They are small yet complete microcomputer systems that integrate a central processing unit (CPU), RAM, ROM, various I/O ports, and interrupt systems onto a single silicon chip using ultra-large-scale integration technology, and are widely used.
1. Kernel Mechanism InterrogationWhat are the practical differences between Harvard architecture and Von Neumann architecture in microcontrollers?How do you calculate the interrupt response delay time? Write the formula that includes the context protection cycle.In the Cortex-M series, what is the fatal impact of NVIC priority grouping 0-4 on preemptive priority?
2. Peripheral Driver HellWhat disaster occurs when the ADC sampling hold time is less than the source impedance?How can PWM hardware dead time control prevent H-bridge shoot-through?In the CAN bus, how do you calculate the baud rate prescaler to meet a 1Mbps ±0.5% error?
3. Storage Space StrangleholdWhen the code size exceeds the Flash capacity, how can XIP (Execute In Place) mode save the system?How can pointer operations extend the EEPROM lifespan from 100,000 to 1,000,000 cycles?In a system with only 2KB of RAM, how can you implement JPEG output buffering for the OV2640 camera?
4. Communication Protocol BattlefieldHow does SCL clock stretching in the I²C bus lead to STM32 hardware I²C lockup?In an RS485 network, why does a termination resistor error of >5% cause multi-node communication failure?How can you use the SPI NSS pin to achieve dynamic multi-slave switching without causing bus conflicts?
5. RTOS Ultimate JudgmentWhy might xTaskAbortDelay() in FreeRTOS cause task priority inversion?In uC/OS-III, how can time-slicing replace priority preemption to solve ADC sampling jitter?Why does directly calling printf() in RTOS lead to watchdog resets? Provide three solutions.
6. Low Power ChallengesWhat is the solution to the system clock abnormal offset of ±3% after waking from STOP mode?How can you achieve a standby current of 0.8μA using RTC alarm + GPIO external interrupt?In BLE applications, what is the mathematical relationship between broadcast interval and power consumption? (Hint: consider RF startup time)
7. Electromagnetic Battlefield SurvivalHow can you suppress 30MHz radiation by flipping GPIO speed?When ADC sampling values fluctuate ±5LSB, which solution is the most cost-effective: grounding/shielding/filtering?
8. Mass Production ChallengesHow can you achieve zero-cost software encryption using UID + remaining Flash space?After the SWD interface is locked, what is the complete operation flow to read Flash violently through the BOOT0 pin?What are three hardware emergency solutions for crystal oscillators stopping in a -40℃ environment?
9. Deadly Debugging ScenariosAfter a HardFault occurs, how can you locate the culprit by examining the LR register value?When JTAG suddenly fails, what are the modified steps to print coredump via serial port?How can you decode an unknown serial protocol using a logic analyzer? (Oscilloscope screenshots only show CLK/DATA two channels)These 26 questions are the “tribulations of microcontroller mastery” —Answering the first 13 correctly allows you to tackle mass production projects head-on,and those who pass will receive headhunting offers from TI/ST/NXP!
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