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2025 RF Aesthetics 80 Original Articles Plan, Article No. 05 th
Short-range wireless communication technologies are widely used in our lives. Today, I will list several short-range solutions.
01-Bluetooth
Bluetooth (BT) is a radio frequency technology that supports short-range communication (generally within 10m) between devices. It is a point-to-point technology that enables wireless information exchange among various devices, including mobile phones, wireless headsets, laptops, and related peripherals. By utilizing Bluetooth technology, communication between mobile communication terminal devices can be effectively simplified, and communication between devices and the Internet can also be successfully simplified. The frequency band used by Bluetooth wireless radio frequency technology is 2.4GHz.
02-Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is short for Wireless Fidelity, which refers to “wireless compatibility certification” in the context of wireless local area networks. Essentially, it is a commercial certification and also a wireless networking technology. Like Bluetooth technology, it belongs to short-range wireless technologies used in offices and homes. Compared to Bluetooth technology, it has a higher transmission rate and a longer transmission distance, and it has been widely applied in laptops, mobile phones, cars, and many other fields.
Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wireless LAN Alliance, which only ensures that products using the trademark can cooperate with each other, and is not actually related to the standard itself. However, since Wi-Fi mainly adopts the 802.11b protocol, people have gradually become accustomed to using Wi-Fi to refer to the 802.11b protocol. From a containment perspective, Wi-Fi is a standard of WLAN, and Wi-Fi is included in WLAN, belonging to a new technology that adopts the WLAN protocol.
03-BLE
Bluetooth wireless technology is one of the most widely used global short-range wireless standards. The new Bluetooth 4.0 version integrates three Bluetooth technologies (traditional Bluetooth, high-speed Bluetooth, and low-energy Bluetooth technology) into one. It combines the inherent advantages of Bluetooth technology in wireless connections while adding the characteristics of high-speed Bluetooth and low-energy Bluetooth. These three specifications can be used in combination or separately.
Low Energy Bluetooth, or BLE, is the core specification of Bluetooth 4.0. Its most significant feature is ultra-low operating and standby power consumption. Bluetooth low-energy devices can operate continuously for several years on a single button battery, making it suitable for wireless solutions with strict cost and power consumption requirements. With the development of smartphones, it will have a broader application field.
Zigbee is a low-power local area network protocol based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard. Zigbee technology is a short-range, low-power wireless communication technology. The name comes from bees, which communicate the location and distance of pollen through their flight and the buzzing (zig) of their wings, forming a communication “network” within the colony. Thus, the inventors of Zigbee vividly used this behavior of bees to describe this wireless information transmission technology.
Its origins can be traced back to 1998 when some companies began to develop a low-power, low-cost communication standard suitable for communication between sensors and control devices.
The Zigbee Alliance was established in 2002, consisting of multiple companies dedicated to promoting and standardizing the development of Zigbee technology. Members of this alliance include industry-leading companies such as Philips, Siemens, and Motorola. The goal of this alliance is to promote the widespread application of Zigbee technology and to push it to become one of the standards for Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded wireless communication.
05-NFC
Near-Field Communication (NFC) is fundamentally different from other wireless technologies discussed in this article. NFC communicates using an electromagnetic field shared between two coils, while other wireless technologies transmit radio waves. Since NFC communicates through two electromagnetically coupled coils, the operational range is only about one inch or two inches. These two coupled coils essentially form an air-core transformer.
06-RFID
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a contactless automatic identification technology that primarily uses radio frequency signals to transmit information. By attaching or embedding RFID tags on specific items, these items can be read by RFID readers during production, circulation, and storage, obtaining a unique identification number that represents the identity of the item. RFID readers can also connect to computers, utilizing information stored in the computer information system to provide more detailed information about the item. RFID tags are also commonly used for item identification, anti-counterfeiting, positioning, and tracking.
07-Z-Wave
Z-Wave is an emerging short-range wireless communication technology based on radio frequency, characterized by low cost, low power consumption, and high reliability, suitable for networking. The operating frequency band is 908.42MHz (USA) to 868.42MHz (Europe), using FSK (BFSK/GFSK) modulation, with a data transmission rate of 9.6kbps. The effective coverage range is 30m indoors and can exceed 100m outdoors.
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