Discussing C Programming – Source Code Sharing for ModbusCRC

#ifndef _CRC_H_
#define _CRC_H
static const unsigned char aucCRCHi[] = {
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40};
static const unsigned char aucCRCLo[] = {
    0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03,
    0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7,
    0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C,
    0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E,
    0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,
    0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9,
    0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE,
    0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD, 0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC,
    0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17,
    0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
    0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30,
    0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32,
    0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0x37, 0xF5, 0x35,
    0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D,
    0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,
    0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38,
    0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B,
    0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF,
    0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24,
    0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
    0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21,
    0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1,
    0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2, 0x62, 0x66, 0xA6,
    0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4,
    0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,
    0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB,
    0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8,
    0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA,
    0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD,
    0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
    0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2,
    0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0,
    0x50, 0x90, 0x91, 0x51, 0x93, 0x53,
    0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97,
    0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,
    0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E,
    0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59,
    0x58, 0x98, 0x88, 0x48, 0x49, 0x89,
    0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E,
    0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
    0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47,
    0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83,
    0x41, 0x81, 0x80, 0x40};
// Core macro function
#define macrocrc16(data,crc)\
do{\
crc=(aucCRCHi[(crc^data)&0xff]^(crc>>8))|((unsigned int)aucCRCLo[(crc^data)&0xff]<<8);\
}while(0)
#endif

The above code should be written in CRC.h

The following is the calling method

// Use standard header files with <>
#include <stdio.h>
// Use custom header files with ""
#include "CRC.h"
unsigned char buf[20] = { 0x01,0x10,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x58 };
unsigned short int crc;
int main(){
int i;
// First must be let crc= 0xffff
crc = 0xffff;
for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
{
macrocrc16(*(volatile unsigned char*)(buf + i), crc);
}
// Low Byte
*(volatile unsigned char*)(buf + i++) = crc;
// High Byte
*(volatile unsigned char*)(buf + i) = crc >> 8;
for (i = 0; i < 13; i++)
{
printf("%02x ", buf[i]);
}
return 0;
}

CRC16 Checksum Principle

CRC16 (16-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check) is an error detection algorithm based on polynomial division, with the core principle as follows:

1. Mathematical Foundation

• Treat the data to be checked as a binary polynomial and perform modulo 2 division (XOR operation) with the generator polynomial

• In the example, <span>aucCRCHi</span> and <span>aucCRCLo</span> are pre-calculated 256-byte lookup tables that store the CRC high 8 bits and low 8 bits values corresponding to all possible inputs (0-255)

Algorithm Implementation

<span>#define macrocrc16(data,crc) do{ \
crc=(aucCRCHi[(crc^data)&0xff]^(crc>>8))|((unsigned int)aucCRCLo[(crc^data)&0xff]<<8); \
}while(0) </span>

• Each time 1 byte of data is processed, the CRC value is updated through XOR (<span>^</span>) and shift (<span>>></span>) operations

• <span>aucCRCHi</span> and <span>aucCRCLo</span> tables optimize the calculation efficiency through pre-calculation

Table Generation Principle

• The two tables store the high 8 bits and low 8 bits calculations of CRC16 respectively

Engineering Applications

1. Typical Application Scenarios

• Data integrity check in serial communication (UART/RS485)

• Frame check in network protocols (such as Modbus, CAN bus)

• Data verification in storage media (EEPROM, Flash)

Advantages and Features

• Strong ability to detect burst errors

• Fast computation speed (especially when combined with lookup tables)

• Simple hardware implementation (only requires shift registers and XOR gates)

Discussing C Programming – Edge Detection Appreciation