The following are common types of sensors and their application areas, integrating various classification methods and typical application scenarios:
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1. Classification by Physical Quantity Detected
1. Temperature Sensor
– Principle: Detects temperature changes through thermistors, thermocouples, or infrared radiation.
– Applications: Industrial equipment monitoring, smart home temperature control, medical temperature measurement.
2. Pressure Sensor
– Principle: Senses pressure changes using resistive strain, capacitance, or piezoelectric effects.
– Applications: Automotive tire pressure monitoring, industrial pipeline control, medical blood pressure meters.
3. Light Sensor
– Principle: Converts light signals based on the photoelectric effect or photosensitive materials.
– Applications: Automatic screen brightness adjustment on smartphones, security cameras, environmental light monitoring.
4. Gas Sensor
– Principle: Detects gas composition or concentration (e.g., electrochemical, semiconductor materials).
– Applications: Home gas leak alarms, industrial waste gas monitoring, air quality detection.
5. Biosensor
– Principle: Utilizes specific reactions of bioactive substances (e.g., enzymes, antibodies).
– Applications: Blood glucose meters, blood oxygen detection, medical diagnostics.
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2. Classification by Working Principle or Technology
6. Accelerometer
– Principle: Detects acceleration and vibration using MEMS technology.
– Applications: Automatic screen rotation on smartphones, triggering of automotive airbags, step counting in fitness bands.
7. Magnetic Sensor
– Principle: Senses changes in magnetic fields using the Hall effect or magnetoresistance effect.
– Applications: Electronic compass navigation, hard disk read/write heads, smartphone compasses.
8. Ultrasonic Sensor
– Principle: Measures distance or speed using ultrasonic wave reflection.
– Applications: Parking sensors, industrial level monitoring, medical ultrasound imaging.
9. Humidity Sensor
– Principle: Reflects humidity through changes in capacitance or resistance.
– Applications: Humidity control in air conditioning, environmental control in agricultural greenhouses, meteorological monitoring.
10. Proximity Sensor
– Principle: Senses the approach of objects using infrared or capacitive methods.
– Applications: Facial unlocking on smartphones, automatic door control, industrial automation.
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3. Other Special Types
– Gyroscope: Detects the rotation angle of devices, used for drone stabilization and VR device positioning.
– Flow Sensor: Monitors liquid/gas flow, applied in water treatment and medical infusion systems.
– Infrared Sensor: Non-contact temperature measurement or remote control, such as thermometers and TV remote controls.