Year: 2025

Understanding Serial Communication: Basics of SPI

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Understanding Serial Communication: Basics of SPI

In this article, we will introduce the basics of digital communication and the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) communication. This includes the communication structure and the required digital lines.Many precision analog devices have digital interfaces between microcontrollers (referred to as controllers) and controlled devices (referred to as peripherals). For example, a precision Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) measures … Read more

Understanding the Principles of the SPI Communication Protocol

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Understanding the Principles of the SPI Communication Protocol

The full English name of SPI is Serial Peripheral Interface, which, as the name suggests, is a serial peripheral interface.SPI is a synchronous serial communication interface specification primarily used for short-distance communication in embedded systems.This interface was developed by Motorola in the mid-1980s and has since evolved into an industry standard.SPI is a high-speed, full-duplex, … Read more

Understanding the SPI Bus Interface

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Understanding the SPI Bus Interface

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is one of the most widely used interfaces between microcontrollers and peripheral ICs (such as sensors, ADCs, DACs, shift registers, SRAM, etc.). SPI is a synchronous, full-duplex, master-slave interface. Data from the master or slave is synchronized on the rising or falling edge of the clock. Both the master and … Read more

Mastering SPI Communication: Comprehensive Guide to Four-Wire and Seven-Wire Applications

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Mastering SPI Communication: Comprehensive Guide to Four-Wire and Seven-Wire Applications

1. Overview of SPI Communication SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a synchronous serial communication protocol developed by Motorola (now NXP), primarily used for short-distance, high-speed communication between master and slave devices. Its features include full-duplex transmission, master-slave architecture, and no complex protocol layers, making it widely used in embedded devices such as memory (e.g., Flash), … Read more

Introduction to SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)

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Introduction to SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)

1. Introduction to SPI SPI, which stands for Serial Peripheral Interface, is a synchronous serial communication protocol originally defined by Motorola for its MC68HCXX series processors. The SPI interface is primarily used for communication between EEPROMs, FLASH memory, real-time clocks, ADCs, as well as digital signal processors and digital signal decoders. SPI is a high-speed, … Read more

Mastering the 10 Essential I2C Protocol Interview Questions for Embedded Engineers

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Mastering the 10 Essential I2C Protocol Interview Questions for Embedded Engineers

Hello everyone, I am Lin, an embedded software developer with many years of experience. Today, I will share the essential I2C protocol interview questions that you should master, hoping to help you. Click below to follow my account Follow me Introduction: The interviewer asked some I2C questions, and I couldn’t answer them. As an embedded … Read more

Comprehensive Guide to STM32 I2C

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Comprehensive Guide to STM32 I2C

Click the blue text Follow us 1. Introduction to I2C The I2C communication protocol (Inter-Integrated Circuit) was developed by Philips. Due to its fewer pins, simple hardware implementation, and strong scalability, it does not require external transceivers for communication protocols like USART or CAN, and is now widely used for communication between multiple integrated circuits … Read more

How to Detect and Resolve I2C Communication Deadlocks

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How to Detect and Resolve I2C Communication Deadlocks

Click the aboveblue text to follow us The I2C bus, as a widely used communication protocol in embedded systems, has its stability and reliability directly affecting the overall performance of the system. An I2C deadlock refers to a situation where the bus is stuck and unable to continue communication, usually caused by a slave device … Read more

Causes of I2C SDA Glitches/Half-High Levels and Their Impact on Applications

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Causes of I2C SDA Glitches/Half-High Levels and Their Impact on Applications

During the use of I2C, we may observe half-high levels or glitch phenomena. This article attempts to explain the causes of these phenomena and their impact on applications. The main content is as follows: 1. Glitch/Half-High Level Phenomenon 2. Characteristics of Glitches/Half-High Levels 3. Causes of Glitches 4. Is the Existence of Glitches Reasonable? 5. … Read more

Introduction and Comparison of CAN, I2S, I2C, SPI, and SSP Buses

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Introduction and Comparison of CAN, I2S, I2C, SPI, and SSP Buses

1. SPI Bus The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus technology is a synchronous serial interface introduced by Motorola. Most MCUs (Microcontrollers) produced by Motorola, such as the 68 series MCUs, are equipped with SPI hardware interfaces. SPI is used for full-duplex, synchronous serial communication between the CPU and various peripheral devices. It can simultaneously transmit … Read more