The fundamental basis of data communication in today’s IP networks is the TCP/IP reference model. Today, we will use a PC to access a WEB server to deeply understand the TCP/IP reference model. As the article is quite lengthy, it is recommended to save it for later reading. TCP/IP Reference Model Computer Network: Simply put, … Read more
1. Core Structure of the TCP/IP Four-Layer Model (The most commonly used layered framework in engineering practice, a simplified version of the network protocol stack) Application Layer → Transport Layer → Network Layer → Network Interface Layer 2. Detailed Layer Explanation (From Top Layer to Bottom Layer) 1. Application Layer Core Function: Directly serves applications … Read more
Set the naked pig as a star to read quality content at the first time A web crawler, also known as a web spider, is a program that automatically browses the web. Before discussing web crawlers, it is necessary to understand what a network is. A network consists of several nodes connected by links, and … Read more
PART 01 Course Overview Course Name: TCP/IP Protocol Analysis Field of Study: Network Engineering Course Leader: Zhang Baojun Affiliated Institution: School of Media Engineering Course Type: Blended Online and Offline Course PART 02 Course Highlights The “TCP/IP Protocol Analysis” course is a core course for the Network Engineering major, featuring significant highlights. It focuses on … Read more
The TCP/IP protocol specifies that the minimum frame length for transmission is 64 bytes; any frame shorter than 64 bytes is considered invalid. So, how was this 64 bytes determined? This can be traced back to the CSMA/CD protocol. As is well known, early Ethernet operated on a shared bus, where multiple computers were connected … Read more
1. Design Philosophy of Modbus Protocol Modbus devices communicate using a master-slave (client-server) architecture, where only one device (the master/client) can initiate transactions (referred to as queries). Other devices (slave/server) respond by providing requested data or performing operations as requested in the query. Slaves are any peripheral devices (I/O converters, valves, network drives, or other … Read more
1. What is Cybersecurity? Cybersecurity includes network software security, network device security, and network information security, which refers to protecting the hardware, software, and data in network systems from accidental or malicious changes, destruction, or leakage, ensuring that the system can operate reliably, continuously, and normally, with uninterrupted network services. For example, certain official websites … Read more
1. What is an HTTP Packet What is HTTP HTTP: (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for transferring hypertext from World Wide Web (WWW) servers to local browsers. HTTP is a protocol based on the TCP/IP communication protocol for transmitting data (HTML files, image files, query results, etc.). HTTP is an application layer protocol, … Read more
Web Crawlers are a common application scenario in Python, primarily used to gather information from the internet. Since crawlers rely on the network, it is essential for us to understand what a network is. A network consists of several nodes connected by links, and the vast network formed by connecting multiple networks is called the … Read more
Basic Definition The full name of the MQTT protocol is (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), which is a lightweight communication protocol based on the publish/subscribe model. Many textual descriptions of the MQTT protocol can be found online: it is a lightweight communication protocol based on the Publish/Subscribe model and built on top of the TCP/IP protocol. … Read more