In terms of Ethernet interface connections, there are usually two solutions: one is when the terminal product has a system running, such as Android systems on chips like RK3399, Linux systems on chips like i.MX6, and RTOS systems on low-end ARM chips like STM32F107. These chips have integrated Ethernet MACs, and by adding simple PHY … Read more
For software companies, the IoT model brings decisive changes to their hardware design and the services they provide. One of the most impactful aspects is the communication protocols. 1 Communication Protocols Communication protocols can be thought of as a language, allowing two or more devices to communicate with each other. Just as there are rules … Read more
First, let’s discuss the overall idea—creating a convenient debugging TCP/IP protocol stack, level-ip. The specific operations can be divided such that we do not have to use the system’s socket interface for TCP communication. Now, this goal has been preliminarily achieved. One required component is tun/tap, which forwards data between the virtual device and the … Read more
Follow “Script Home ” with millions of developers Source / Warm Blue Notes (ID: yqy94xq95) Content published with authorization This article mainly reviews common attacks on TCP/IP, aiming to provide at least a basic understanding. Introduction Introduction 1 IP Spoofing What is IP? In a network, every device is assigned an address. This address is … Read more
I just don’t love you anymore. This song that I have been looping for a week now sounds like 5G singing to TCP/IP. As we all know, 4G LTE is fully IP-based, with upper-layer transmission using the TCP/IP protocol (as shown in the figure below). ▲LTE User Plane Protocol Architecture However, this familiar architecture has … Read more
(Click the public account above, to quickly follow) Original: Dan Nanni Translation: KayGuoWhu Link: https://linux.cn/article-4326-1.html Nowadays, many system administrators still configure network functions and troubleshoot network issues using command-line tools such as ifconfig, route, arp, and netstat (collectively known as net-tools). Net-tools originated from the BSD TCP/IP toolbox and later became the tool for configuring … Read more
The reason for studying these three protocols together is that they operate at the same layer. The ARP protocol is used to find the Ethernet MAC address of the target host, while IP carries the message to be sent. The data link layer can obtain transmission information from ARP and the data to be transmitted … Read more
Static IP Routing A Simple Routing Table Routing is one of the most important functions at the IP layer. The previous sections have briefly discussed how routers select routes based on the IP addresses of IP packets. We will not repeat that here. First, let’s take a look at a simple system routing table. Destination … Read more
Today, I will introduce the core part of Linux networking technology – the TCP/IP protocol stack. First, let’s look at the abstract network protocol stack model. TCP/IP Four-layer (Reference) Model Next, we’ll look at the Linux kernel protocol stack implementation framework from a layered perspective. Top-Down Approach Socket / L4 TCP Layer 1. Socket Layer … Read more
To better explain this abstract topic, we will analyze the same issue from different perspectives. Remember the story of the blind men and the elephant? Some say the elephant is like a large tree, while others say it resembles a fan. These views are certainly one-sided, but if we gather all these perspectives, we can … Read more