1. Introduction USB, as a new interconnection protocol for PCs, makes the connection between peripherals and computers more efficient and convenient. This interface is suitable for various devices, not only featuring fast speed, plug-and-play, and support for hot-swapping, but also allowing up to 127 devices to connect simultaneously, solving issues such as resource conflicts, interrupt … Read more
Differences Between TTL and RS232 Levels What are TTL levels, CMOS levels, and RS232 levels? What are their differences? Generally speaking, CMOS levels have a higher noise tolerance than TTL levels. (1) TTL Level Standards Output L: <0.8V; H: >2.4V. Input L: <1.2V; H: >2.0V The output low level of TTL devices must be less … Read more
Click the above “Follow Electronics” for easy learning of electronic knowledge. Follow Electronics Subscription Account Daily updates of technical articles in the electronics industry and the latest information on microcontrollers, making it easy to learn anytime, anywhere. <RS232 and RS422 Interface Circuits> 1. RS-485 The RS-485 bus is widely used when communication distances range from … Read more
Today, I will share with you some common interfaces and communication protocols of Siemens PLC. The first major question: The difference between RS232 and RS485 interfaces 1. Physical structure of interfaces 1. RS232 interface: One of the computer communication interfaces, the RS-232 interface typically appears in the form of 9 pins (DB-9) or 25 pins … Read more
1 The Origin of Serial Ports The serial port emerged around 1980, with data transmission rates ranging from 115kbps to 230kbps. Initially, the serial port was designed to connect computer peripherals, such as mice, external modems, old cameras, and graphics tablets. It can also be used for interconnecting two computers (or devices) for data transmission. … Read more
Follow “Technical Training” focused on automation education for 14 years UART, I2C, RS485… These communication methods are widely used, but their explanations can be ambiguous. Therefore, I feel it is necessary to organize them for clarification and differentiation. The article is a bit long, so I suggest saving it for later reference when needed. UART … Read more
[Disclaimer] The images and text are sourced from the internet. If there is an infringement, please contact us for removal! Serial communication is a commonly used communication method in PLC networks. Choosing the correct interface type and protocol standard is crucial for ensuring communication reliability. The RS-232 interface complies with the serial data communication interface … Read more
The Concept of Levels: What are voltage, current, and power? Radio enthusiasts are well aware of these. However, when it comes to the term “level”, few can explain it clearly. Although people frequently encounter high levels, low levels, level gain, and level attenuation in circuits, and even multimeters essential for electricians have methods for measuring … Read more
1. RS-232-C is a serial physical interface standard established by the Electronic Industry Association (EIA) in the United States. RS is the abbreviation for “Recommended Standard,” 232 is the identification number, and C indicates the revision number. The RS-232-C bus standard has 25 signal lines, including one main channel and one auxiliary channel. In most … Read more
A few days ago, I saw discussions in my technical group about the topic of “TTL, RS232, and RS485 transmission distances“. Today, I took some time to share relevant content. Overview Many readers might not know what TTL, RS232, and RS485 are, so this section provides a brief overview of them. 1. TTL Level TTL: … Read more