Learning Integrated Circuits: What is MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)

Learning Integrated Circuits: What is MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)

MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a messaging protocol based on the publish/subscribe paradigm, defined under the ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922).The main features and applications of the MQTT protocol are as follows: 1. Features of the MQTT Protocol 1. Lightweight and Simplicity: The MQTT protocol is lightweight, simple, open, … Read more

The Extension of Human Perception – Sensors

The Extension of Human Perception - Sensors

The Extension of Human Perception Sensors Foreword Introduction You may not realize that when you are awakened by the vibration of a smart wristband in the morning, it is the accelerometer sensing your sleep cycle; when your phone automatically focuses while taking a picture, it is the distance sensor capturing the distance to the scene; … Read more

In-Depth Analysis of Automotive ECU Calibration Technology: From Principles to Practice

In-Depth Analysis of Automotive ECU Calibration Technology: From Principles to Practice

Author | Hu Tu Zhen Source | Automotive Electronics and Software In modern automotive electronic control systems, the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) plays the role of the “brain”, responsible for controlling key components such as the engine, motor, and battery management system. To enable the same platform model to adapt to different configurations, driving modes, … Read more

Sharing Cutting-Edge Research on TinyML

Sharing Cutting-Edge Research on TinyML

Sharing Cutting-Edge Research on TinyML 01 Definition TinyML, or “Tiny Machine Learning,” refers to the technology, tools, and methodologies for running machine learning applications on ultra-low-power microcontrollers (MCUs) and other small computing devices. The core of TinyML is to compress and optimize trained machine learning models to fit the limited memory (typically KB-level SRAM, MB-level … Read more

Communication Protocols in Hardware: I2C, UART, and SPI

Communication Protocols in Hardware: I2C, UART, and SPI

My primary job is as an automotive electronics engineer. Previously, I have been working on the software side. Recently, I started learning about hardware. Here, I will document my learning content. Starting with the MCU collecting sensor data. After studying the pin configuration of the MCU, I decided to begin with communication methods. I²C, UART, … Read more

BS4 Series Built-in Connector Miniature Photoelectric Sensors with 9mm Slot Depth

BS4 Series Built-in Connector Miniature Photoelectric Sensors with 9mm Slot Depth

BS4 series The BS4 series miniature photoelectric sensors are available in seven different shapes (K, L, R, T, TA, F, Y types) with built-in connectors, providing maximum flexibility for various user applications and installation settings. The sensors are designed to minimize false triggering caused by foreign objects. They offer high visibility, and the action indicator … Read more

Essential Interview Questions for Embedded C Development: What is the Difference Between Const and Volatile?

Essential Interview Questions for Embedded C Development: What is the Difference Between Const and Volatile?

In this article, we will explore the qualifiers in C programming (const and volatile). This is a very important topic in C and embedded systems. In interviews, this is often the first question about the C language. What is the volatile keyword? Why use volatile? What is the difference between const and volatile? What are … Read more

wolfIP: A TCP/IP Stack Designed for Resource-Constrained Embedded Systems

wolfIP: A TCP/IP Stack Designed for Resource-Constrained Embedded Systems

What is wolfIP? Despite its somewhat awkward name, it is a TCP/IP stack specifically designed for resource-constrained embedded systems. The core selling point is no dynamic memory allocation—the entire heap does not use malloc, and all buffers are fixed at compile time. Imagine your MCU has only a few hundred KB of RAM; a typical … Read more