Do you understand the TCP/IP protocol? A set of communication protocols used to implement network interconnection, containing complete rules from data transmission to application services. Core Protocols: TCP: Transport layer protocol that provides reliable, connection-oriented byte stream services (such as file transfer, web browsing). IP: Network layer protocol responsible for addressing and routing data packets … Read more
1. IntroductionSPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a high-speed, full-duplex synchronousserial communication bus protocol developed by Motorola, operating in a master-slave mode, enabling data transmission between devices through four lines (SCLK, MOSI, MISO, CS). Its core features are:① Full-duplex communication: Data can be transmitted in both directions simultaneously, allowing both the master and slave devices to … Read more
To become a qualified interface testing engineer, the study of HTTP/HTTPS protocols must combine “theory + practical application”, which means understanding the essence of the protocol and applying it to real interface testing scenarios (such as request validation, response assertions, and troubleshooting). At the same time, the OSI seven-layer network model is the foundation for … Read more
Click to follow and unlock more PLC technical knowledge! Introduction If we compare an automation system to the human nervous system, then PLC communication is undoubtedly the most complex neural network within it. Every engineer who has dealt with PLCs has pondered late at night, staring at the blinking fault indicator: why is communication always … Read more
Samsung’s new generation Smart Home Hub 2 has completely abandoned Z-Wave support, a decision that reflects profound changes in the competitive landscape of smart home protocols. Once a mainstream standard, Z-Wave now faces the risk of marginalization, while the emerging Matter protocol attempts to end this long-standing “protocol war”. At this year’s IFA in Berlin, … Read more
A new attack technique known as MadeYouReset has been discovered, which affects various implementations of HTTP/2 and can be exploited to launch powerful denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Researchers Gal Bar Nahum, Anat Bremler-Barr, and Yaniv Harel stated: “MadeYouReset bypasses the limits typically imposed by servers, which allow a maximum of 100 concurrent HTTP/2 requests per TCP … Read more