1. Introduction
1.1. Background and Application Scenarios
Semiconductor memory, as a core component of modern electronic systems, directly determines the performance and lifespan of end products. Traditionally, the operating temperature range for most semiconductor devices has been limited to relatively mild conditions. However, with the rapid development of cutting-edge fields such as automotive electronics, aerospace, industrial control, oil and gas exploration, and deep space exploration, there is a growing demand for devices that can operate in extreme environments.