In microcontroller development, HEX and BIN files are like a “dual-track train” for program transmission—the former comes with address tags and checksums, while the latter is a pure binary data stream. Understanding the core differences and applicable scenarios of both is key to avoiding programming errors and optimizing storage space.
1. Essential Differences Pointing to the Core
Format Structure
HEX: ASCII text format, each line starts with a colon, containing data length, address, type, data, and checksum, with a complete structure like a “delivery note”.
BIN: Pure binary data, no additional information, only containing program code, small in size like “bare components”.
Address Handling
HEX: Built-in address information, no need to manually specify the starting address during programming, tools automatically map it.
BIN: Requires external tools to specify the starting address; otherwise, the chip cannot locate the data storage position.
Readability and Verification
HEX: Text-readable, supports checksum and verifies data integrity, suitable for transmission through error-prone channels like serial ports.
BIN: Binary unreadable, no built-in verification, relies on external tools to ensure data accuracy.
2. Selection Logic: Scenarios Determine Format
Scenarios for Choosing HEX
Debugging and ISP Download: Address information is automatically associated, allowing precise code location during debugging, such as STM32 serial download without manual address setting.
Multi-segment Address Storage: Supports extended linear address recording, adapting to complex memory layouts, such as segmented Flash storage.
Remote Upgrades: The verification mechanism reduces the risk of transmission errors, suitable for OTA scenarios.
Scenarios for Choosing BIN
Storage Space Sensitive: Small file size, suitable for firmware updates of embedded devices, such as IAP firmware transmission.
Fixed Address Scenarios: Low-level development with Bootloader or known memory starting addresses, no need for address redundancy.
Efficient Programming: Directly writing to the target address reduces tool parsing steps, improving programming speed.
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