01
Imitation is a rhetorical device that creates new forms of expression based on existing linguistic expressions. The objects of imitation are generally fixed words or phrases, but can also extend to sentences, paragraphs, entire texts, or even styles and tones. Based on the above definition, the following does not belong to imitation ( ).
A. Walk the path of others, leaving others with no path to walk.
B. Start a new venture from scratch, while flattening old phenomena.
C. Here’s a love potion for you: a piece of sincerity, two coins of tenderness, and three points of respect.
D. The famous sayings of gentlemen full of “婆理” and full of “公理” are temporarily set aside.
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Answer: B
Analysis: Step 1: Identify the keywords in the definition. “Based on existing linguistic expressions,” “temporarily create new forms of expression.” Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
A. “Walk the path of others, leaving others with no path to walk” imitates the line from Dante’s epic poem “Divine Comedy,” “Walk your own path, let others say what they will,” which fits the definition, so it is excluded.
B. “Start a new venture from scratch, while flattening old phenomena” expresses the scene of a haircut while also embodying people’s desire to discard the old and welcome the new, which is a rhetorical device of “double meaning” and does not reflect the creation of new forms based on existing expressions, thus it does not fit the definition, so it is selected.
C. “A piece of sincerity, two coins of tenderness, and three points of respect” imitates the format of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, where “piece,” “coin,” and “point” are ancient units of measurement, fitting the definition, so it is excluded.
D. “Full of ‘婆理’ and full of ‘公理'” creates the term “婆理” based on “公理,” fitting the definition, so it is excluded. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
02
Emotional memory is the memory of experiences involving emotions and feelings. When a situation or event triggers strong emotions and feelings in an individual, this experience will be retained in the individual’s memory along with the information about the situation or event at that time. Based on the above definition, which of the following belongs to emotional memory ( )?
A. Xiao Hang recorded in his diary the sunny and joyful experiences of playing in the park with his parents last week.
B. A man who witnessed a plane crash ten years ago still often recalls that terrifying scene.
C. Every time Xiao Hui thinks about putting his legs on the table, he remembers his mother’s scolding against doing so, which dissuades him from that thought.
D. Shen Congwen has deep feelings for his hometown, which he often expresses in his later literary works.
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Answer: C
Analysis: Step 1: Identify the keywords in the definition. “Involving experienced emotions and feelings,” “the emotional experience at the time along with the situation or event information,” “retained in the individual’s memory.” Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
A. Xiao Hang recording his experiences in a diary does not reflect retaining emotions and feelings in memory, thus it does not fit the definition, so it is excluded.
B. The man recalling the terrifying scene does fit the retention in memory, but it only reflects the situational information without the emotional experience at the time, thus it does not fit the definition, so it is excluded.
C. Xiao Hui recalling his mother’s scolding reflects the fear he experienced, which fits the definition, so it is selected.
D. Shen Congwen expressing his feelings for his hometown does not fit the definition of memory or emotional experience, so it is excluded. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
03
Five volunteers, Xiao Kong, Xiao Wu, Xiao Deng, Xiao Ding, and Xiao Hong, were assigned to provide community service in three neighborhoods: Nanshan, Dongjiang, and Beiyuan. Each neighborhood is assigned 1 to 2 people, and each person serves in only one neighborhood. The known conditions are: ① The volunteer assigned to Nanshan is the least. ② If at least one of Xiao Deng or Xiao Ding is assigned to Nanshan, then Xiao Wu is assigned to Beiyuan. ③ If at least one of Xiao Kong, Xiao Deng, or Xiao Ding is assigned to Dongjiang, then only Xiao Hong serves in Beiyuan. From this, we can conclude ( ).
A. Xiao Wu is assigned to Nanshan.
B. Xiao Ding and Xiao Hong are assigned to Dongjiang.
C. Xiao Wu and Xiao Deng are assigned to Beiyuan.
D. Xiao Deng and Xiao Ding are assigned to Beiyuan.
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Answer: D
Analysis: Step 1: Analyze the conditions. ① The five volunteers are assigned to three neighborhoods, with Nanshan having the least volunteers; ② If either Xiao Deng or Xiao Ding is in Nanshan, then Xiao Wu must be in Beiyuan; ③ If any of Xiao Kong, Xiao Deng, or Xiao Ding is in Dongjiang, then only Xiao Hong is in Beiyuan. Step 2: Reason based on the conditions. From conditions ① and ②, since Nanshan has the least volunteers, it must have 1 volunteer, while Dongjiang and Beiyuan each have 2. Given condition ③, Beiyuan cannot have only Xiao Hong, so Xiao Wu and Xiao Hong must be in Dongjiang. Thus, Xiao Deng and Xiao Ding must be in Beiyuan, making D the only valid option. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
04
Normal depressive emotions are based on certain objective matters, arising from causes, and are generally mild, coming and going quickly. In contrast, the depressive emotions of patients with depression arise inexplicably and, if left unchecked, can severely impact work, study, and life. Almost everyone experiences depressive emotions, but prolonged depressive emotions require timely medical attention. To make the above argument valid, which of the following premises is needed ( )?
A. Depressive emotions can affect doctors’ judgments, reducing diagnostic accuracy.
B. Normal depressive emotions and pathological depressive emotions are treated differently.
C. Normal depressive emotions do not develop into depression.
D. Pathological depression can recover with timely treatment.
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Answer: B
Analysis: Step 1: Identify the argument and evidence. Argument: Prolonged depressive emotions require timely medical attention. Evidence: Normal depressive emotions come and go quickly, while depressive emotions in patients arise inexplicably and can severely impact work, study, and life. Since the argument states that “prolonged depressive emotions” should be treated, and the evidence states that depressive emotions in patients arise inexplicably, the relationship between the two is closely tied, making it a necessary condition.Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
A. This option discusses the impact of depressive emotions on doctors’ diagnoses, which is unrelated to the argument about how to respond to prolonged depressive emotions, so it is excluded.
B. This option states that normal and pathological depressive emotions are treated differently, which is a necessary condition for the argument to hold, so it is selected.
C. This option states that normal depressive emotions do not develop into depression, which is unrelated to the argument about whether prolonged depressive emotions require medical attention, so it is excluded.
D. This option states that pathological depression can recover with timely treatment, which does not strengthen the argument since even if it cannot recover, the need for medical attention remains, so it is excluded. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
05
Deep-sea glass sponges have attracted interest due to their beautiful shapes and unique mechanical properties. Their skeletal system is composed of amorphous hydrated silica arranged in a highly regular and layered cylindrical lattice. Scholars have reproduced the fluid dynamics characteristics of deep-sea glass sponges through computer simulations, indicating that the empirical knowledge gained from studying this sponge skeletal system can be used for geometric structure design optimization, which has significant implications for improving material applications in modern infrastructure. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the scholars’ argument ( )?
A. The hollow “basket” structure of deep-sea glass sponges can reduce the impact of water flow.
B. The arrangement of the skeletal system of deep-sea glass sponges can effectively reduce overall fluid dynamic stress.
C. The skeletal system of deep-sea glass sponges supports a coherent internal recirculation pattern at low flow rates.
D. The skeletal system of deep-sea glass sponges has superior flexibility and damage resistance.
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Answer: D
Analysis: Step 1: Identify the argument and evidence. Argument: The empirical knowledge gained from studying the sponge skeletal system can be used for geometric structure design optimization, which has significant implications for improving material applications in modern infrastructure. Evidence: None. Since there is only an argument without evidence, we prioritize options that supplement evidence, explaining how the knowledge from the deep-sea glass sponge skeletal system can improve materials in modern infrastructure.Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
A. This option states that the unique structure of deep-sea glass sponges can reduce the impact of water flow, indicating its resistance to water flow, which strengthens the argument, so it is retained.
B. This option states that the arrangement of the skeletal system can effectively reduce overall fluid dynamic stress, which also strengthens the argument, so it is retained.
C. This option states that the skeletal system supports a coherent internal recirculation pattern at low flow rates, which does not clarify whether this is beneficial for improving materials in modern infrastructure, so it is excluded.
D. This option states that the skeletal system has superior flexibility and damage resistance, which are essential properties for materials in modern infrastructure, thus supporting the argument. Compared to A, B, and D, D aligns more closely with the argument’s subject, and its broader implications make it the best choice. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
06
The ripple effect refers to the different psychological states exhibited by people in different regions during sudden events. The closer one is to the center of a crisis event, the higher the risk perception and negative emotions experienced.
Based on the above definition, which of the following conforms to the ripple effect ( )?
A. The air around the typhoon’s periphery rotates violently, while the wind flow at the center is relatively weak, thus the negative emotions of disaster victims gradually increase from the “eye of the storm” outward.
B. People in severely affected areas of an earthquake exhibit significantly higher risk perception, mental health levels, and coping behaviors than those in less affected areas.
C. The closer people are to a waste incineration plant or nuclear reactor, the higher their risk perception, leading to greater anxiety.
D. The shorter the time until a large-scale infectious disease outbreak, the higher the anxiety and panic levels among the public.
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Answer: B
Analysis: Step 1: Identify the keywords in the definition. “During sudden events,” “different psychological states exhibited by people in different regions,” “the closer to the center of the crisis event, the higher the risk perception and negative emotions.” Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
A. This option states that negative emotions increase outward from the “eye of the storm,” which contradicts the definition, so it is excluded.
B. This option states that people in severely affected areas exhibit higher risk perception and mental health levels, which aligns with the definition, so it is selected.
C. This option discusses waste incineration plants and nuclear reactors, which do not fit the definition of sudden events, so it is excluded.
D. This option states that the shorter the time until an outbreak, the higher the anxiety, which does not reflect different psychological states in different regions, so it is excluded. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
07
Pre-litigation property preservation refers to a measure taken by interested parties to apply for property preservation from the people’s court before litigation due to urgent circumstances that may cause irreparable harm to their legal rights. Based on the above definition, which of the following does not belong to pre-litigation property preservation ( )?
A. Factory A borrows 5 million yuan from Credit Cooperative B but fails to repay on time. B then sues and learns during the trial that A has sold equipment, thus requesting the court to seize A’s building that is being sold.
B. A signs a sales contract with B, pays 2 million yuan in advance, but discovers B’s fraudulent behavior and is unable to fulfill the contract, thus requesting the people’s court to freeze the 2 million yuan advance.
C. Bank A signs an agreement with Company B to provide a loan of 50 million yuan, to be repaid in three installments. When the first installment is due, B is unable to repay, and A applies to the court to seize B’s property.
D. A owes B 100,000 yuan, and after multiple unsuccessful attempts to collect, learns that A has a car, so B applies to the court to seize A’s car and then sues A.
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Answer: A
Analysis: Step 1: Identify the keywords in the definition. “Due to urgent circumstances, if property preservation is not applied for immediately, it may cause irreparable harm to legal rights,” “applied to the people’s court before litigation.” Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
A. This option states that B requested the court to seize A’s building during the trial, which does not fit the definition of applying for preservation before litigation, so it is selected.
B. This option states that A requested the court to freeze the advance due to B’s fraudulent behavior, which fits the definition, so it is excluded.
C. This option states that A applied to seize B’s property due to B’s inability to repay, which fits the definition, so it is excluded.
D. This option states that B applied to seize A’s car to recover the debt, which fits the definition, so it is excluded. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
08
Variations and connections are commonly used rhetorical methods in classical Chinese. Variations refer to using synonyms in adjacent sentences to express the same meaning to avoid repetition. Connections refer to expressing one idea while also mentioning another related idea, thereby linking two associated words together while emphasizing one of them. Based on the above definitions, which of the following uses the rhetorical method of connection ( )?
A. “Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin”: “Place in a dead end and then live, place in a place of loss and then survive.”
B. “I Ching: Commentary on the Appended Text”: “Beat it with thunder, moisten it with wind and rain.”
C. Zhuge Liang’s “Memorial on the Expedition”: “Entrusted at the moment of defeat, commanded in the midst of danger.”
D. Jia Yi’s “On the Qin”: “Take the Han Zhong to the south, lift Ba and Shu to the west, cut the fertile land to the east, and seize the key districts to the north.”
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Answer: B
Analysis: Step 1: Identify the keywords in the definitions. Variations: “Using synonyms in adjacent sentences to express the same meaning to avoid repetition”; Connections: “Expressing one idea while also mentioning another related idea, linking two associated words together, emphasizing one of them.” Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
A. This option expresses a single idea without linking another related idea, so it does not fit the definition of connection, so it is excluded.
B. This option states, “Beat it with thunder, moisten it with wind and rain,” where “moisten” describes the characteristics of rain while also mentioning the related concept of wind, thus fitting the definition of connection, so it is selected.
C. This option expresses a single idea without linking another related idea, so it does not fit the definition of connection, so it is excluded.
D. This option expresses a single idea without linking another related idea, so it does not fit the definition of connection, so it is excluded. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
09
Wheelchair: Car ( ).
A. Highway: Road
B. Train: Water Car
C. Cable Car: Ropeway
D. Airplane: Tank
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Answer: D
Analysis: Step 1: Determine the logical relationship between the words in the question. Both wheelchair and car are modes of transportation, and they represent opposing relationships within a parallel structure.
Step 2: Determine the logical relationship between the words in the options.
A. This option states that a highway is a public road for vehicles, which does not fit the opposing relationship, so it is excluded.
B. This option states that a train is a mode of transportation while a water car is an irrigation tool, which does not fit the relationship, so it is excluded.
C. This option states that a cable car is a device used for transportation on a ropeway, which does not fit the relationship, so it is excluded.
D. This option states that both airplane and tank can be considered as tools for combat, which fits the opposing relationship, so it is selected. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
10
Building materials: Concrete: Cement ( ).
A. Beverage: Soda: Carbon Dioxide
B. Medical Equipment: Syringe: Medicine
C. Monitoring: Monitor: Image
D. Traffic Facilities: Speed Bump: Warning Sign
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Answer: A
Analysis: Step 1: Determine the logical relationship between the words in the question. Concrete is a type of building material, representing a genus-species relationship, while cement is a raw material for concrete, representing a corresponding relationship. Step 2: Determine the logical relationship between the words in the options.
A. This option states that soda is a type of beverage, representing a genus-species relationship, while carbon dioxide is a raw material for soda, representing a corresponding relationship, which fits the logical relationship, so it is selected.
B. This option states that a syringe is a type of medical tool, but medicine is not a raw material for a syringe, so it does not fit the relationship, so it is excluded.
C. This option states that a monitor is a device used for monitoring, which does not fit the relationship, so it is excluded.
D. This option states that a speed bump is a type of traffic facility, but a warning sign does not have a clear logical relationship with a speed bump, so it is excluded. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
