Year: 2025

Guide to Avoiding Pitfalls in WeChat Bluetooth Mini Program Development: Compatibility Issues between Android and iOS

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Guide to Avoiding Pitfalls in WeChat Bluetooth Mini Program Development: Compatibility Issues between Android and iOS

Guide to Avoiding Pitfalls in WeChat Bluetooth Mini Program Development: Compatibility Issues between Android and iOS Recently, at the request of our company, we developed a mini program where the low-power Bluetooth data acquisition feature is a key component. Initially, we used Android devices for real-device debugging, and everything progressed smoothly. However, as the product … Read more

Common MCU Products with DAC

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Common MCU Products with DAC

In the open-source oscilloscope differential measurement probe – PD150, there is an MCU with DAC functionality that can provide bias voltage compensation for operational amplifiers.Recently, I have been working on this product It looks very nice but it is a PIC (ATSAMD10D14A), which is not well-suited for domestic use (it’s my fault for not knowing … Read more

From Introduction to Abandonment: A Detailed Manufacturing Process of Chips!

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From Introduction to Abandonment: A Detailed Manufacturing Process of Chips!

Source: Fresh Date Classroom Original Author: Little Date Jun This article mainly introduces the process of chip manufacturing. Oxidation First, on the wafers that have been cut and polished, we need to perform an oxidation step. The purpose of oxidation is to form a protective film (oxide layer) on the fragile surface of the wafer. … Read more

Embedded – Timer and External Interrupt Simulated UART

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Embedded - Timer and External Interrupt Simulated UART

The following are the general steps and example code for simulating UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) communication using timers and external interrupts (taking STM32 as an example, using C language). This method can achieve basic UART communication functionality through software simulation without hardware UART peripherals or when additional UART features are required. #include “stm32f10x.h” // Define … Read more

Accessing FPGA Registers via UART

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Accessing FPGA Registers via UART

I often use ZYNQ, and I access FPGA registers through Linux. Recently, I experimented with the Xilinx XC7K325 development board KC705, which is a pure FPGA without ARM. So how do we access FPGA registers? I2C transmits one byte and responds each time, without the need for an additional feedback mechanism; SPI sends and receives … Read more

An Overview of the Linux UART Subsystem

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An Overview of the Linux UART Subsystem

Introduction The development of UART has matured significantly, and it is generally sufficient to directly port the 8250 driver. For example, the UART driver for Rockchip directly uses “snps,dw-apb-uart”, which corresponds to <span>Linux-4.9.88/drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_dw.c</span> driver. uart1: serial@ff190000 { compatible = "rockchip,rk3368-uart", "snps,dw-apb-uart"; reg = <0x0 0xff190000 0x0 0x100>; clock-frequency = <24000000>; clocks = <&cru SCLK_UART1>, <&cru … Read more

Detailed Explanation of Smooth Policy Iteration (SPI) Architecture Against Adversarial Reinforcement Learning

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Detailed Explanation of Smooth Policy Iteration (SPI) Architecture Against Adversarial Reinforcement Learning

It is well known that the max operator (or min operator) is a core component of the Bellman equation, and its efficient solution runs through various reinforcement learning algorithms, including mainstream Actor-Critic algorithms such as PPO, TRPO, DDPG, DSAC, and DACER. Friends familiar with algorithm design may have a question: why is the max operator … Read more

Understanding STM32 SPI Communication (Master-Slave Dual Machine SPI Communication)

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Understanding STM32 SPI Communication (Master-Slave Dual Machine SPI Communication)

Click the blue text Follow us STM32 SPI Communication High-speed full-duplex communication bus The SPI communication uses 3 lines and a chip select line. The 3 lines are SCK, MOSI, and MISO, and the chip select line is NSS (CS). The NSS signal line goes from high to low, which is the start signal for … Read more

Olympus Acquires 5-Spiration: Enhancing Respiratory Treatment Solutions

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Olympus Acquires 5-Spiration: Enhancing Respiratory Treatment Solutions

1. Background Olympus Medical is a leader in the respiratory endoscopy market, holding a significant global market share in endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and flexible bronchoscopes. To expand the application of endoscopes in the respiratory market, fifteen years ago, in 2010, Olympus’s North American subsidiary, Olympus Corporation of the Americas, acquired all shares of Spiration, making … Read more

Knowledge | Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Protocol: Principles, Architecture, and Applications

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Knowledge | Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Protocol: Principles, Architecture, and Applications

Author | Confused Zhen Produced by | Automotive Electronics and Software #01Introduction to the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Protocol SPI is a multi-master or master-slave, four-wire, full-duplex synchronous serial communication protocol, which means that data can be sent and received simultaneously.SPI was developed by Motorola as a protocol for synchronous serial communication, allowing full-duplex communication … Read more