Exosome Aptamer Sensors for Staging Breast Cancer

Exosome Aptamer Sensors for Staging Breast Cancer

Accurate diagnosis and staging of breast cancer are crucial for guiding clinical treatment strategies and predicting patient survival outcomes. Current clinical methods face limitations in detecting small tumors and micrometastases, such as imaging techniques; although biopsy remains the gold standard, its invasiveness makes it unsuitable for repeated use. Liquid biopsy is a promising solution that … Read more

Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications

Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications

Introduction All cells, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, secrete extracellular vesicles, and exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle, ranging in size from 40 – 160 nm (average 100 nm). Depending on their cellular origin, they contain various components, including DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and cytoplasmic and cell surface proteins. Their physiological purpose is not yet … Read more