Matter is an open-source interoperability standard developed by international tech giants such as Amazon, Apple, and Google in collaboration with the CSA Alliance (formerly Zigbee Alliance) for the smart home industry. It allows smart home devices of different categories and brands, operating under various communication protocols, to communicate and control each other within the same … Read more
The CAN protocol and MODBUS protocol are among the various protocols frequently used by engineers. Today, let’s take a look at the differences between the two. CAN and MODBUS are two communication protocols widely used in industrial control, automotive electronics, and other fields. They have significant differences in design goals, communication methods, and application scenarios, … Read more
UART, I2C, and SPI are common low-speed board-level communication protocols. Currently, mainstream SoCs are equipped with controllers for these communication protocols, and various sensors, touch controllers, fingerprint modules, Bluetooth modules, and Wi-Fi modules are compatible with one or more of these communication methods. Below, we will discuss each protocol:UART UART generally consists of three lines: … Read more
In a recent project, we utilized lib packages, and I will outline the functions of the lib packages used in the project. They can be categorized into the following types: Core Motion Control (e.g., CmpHCAxisControl) Communication Protocols (e.g., EtherNetIPServices) System Utilities (e.g., SysInfo) and Special Process Libraries (e.g., SM3_Robotics). 1.Core Motion Control (e.g., CmpHCAxisControl) 1. … Read more
Understanding with PIC® MCU Contact Smart Card SMART CARD A smart card is a pocket-sized card embedded with an integrated circuit that can respond to requests from external devices,capable of both data storage and processing. Compared to magnetic stripe cards, they are more reliable, secure, have larger storage capacity, more functions, and a longer lifespan. … Read more
Chapter 7: IoT Standards and Regulations 7.1 Overview of International Standards for the Internet of Things 1. Introduction to International IoT Standardization Organizations The standardization of the Internet of Things (IoT) is a key force driving its technological development, involving multiple international organizations that play a crucial role in the IoT field. These organizations are … Read more
Fundamental Concepts of Communication Signal: The physical representation of information (voltage, current, light, radio waves). Transmission Medium: Wires (single wire, twisted pair, coaxial cable), PCB traces, optical fibers, air (wireless). Data Frame/Packet: The basic unit of structured transmission (start bit, address, data, control information, checksum, stop bit). Baud Rate: The number of signal changes per … Read more
1. History of Serial Ports First of all, the serial port is an essential tool for anyone working with hardware and embedded software, especially when debugging a system with an MCU or CPU. During the debugging process, the first thing we usually do is to light up the GPIO, and the second is to establish … Read more
In today’s low-end digital communication applications, we frequently encounter IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit) and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface). The reason is that these two communication protocols are very suitable for short-distance, low-speed communication between chips. Philips (for IIC) and Motorola (for SPI) developed these two standard communication protocols based on different backgrounds and market needs. IIC … Read more
So far, I2C, SPI, and UART remain the most commonly used communication protocols in electronic embedded devices. In this article, we will analyze these three protocols to provide a clear and intuitive understanding of their functions, advantages, and limitations, supplemented with GIF animations. I2C Protocol I2C is a serial communication protocol typically used to connect … Read more