Siemens PLC Instructions!

Siemens PLC Instructions!

(1) Basic Instructions 1. Bit Logic Instructions Normally Open Contact ( -||- ): This instruction detects the input signal; the button is off when not pressed and turns on when pressed. For example, in the logic controlling the machine operation with the start button, pressing the start button closes the normally open contact, and the … Read more

Summary of Embedded System Knowledge Points (Taking STM32L431 Chip as an Example)

Summary of Embedded System Knowledge Points (Taking STM32L431 Chip as an Example)

Click the blue text to follow us The summary of embedded system knowledge points (taking the STM32L431 chip as an example) is divided into the following main modules: basic concepts of embedded systems, components of embedded products centered around MCUs, internal hardware modules of MCUs, commonly used assembly data operation instructions, specific processes of embedded … Read more

Assembly Language Day 02

Assembly Language Day 02

0x00 This article is dedicated to daily learning and note sharing to help everyone learn assembly language. Why learn assembly language? Because in red-blue confrontations, our tools are often detected and killed by some AV/EDR. Therefore, we need to counter AV, which is the evasion technique. To learn evasion techniques, we must start from the … Read more

Understanding the Low-Level Implementation of Atomic Operations in the Linux Kernel (armv8-aarch64)

Understanding the Low-Level Implementation of Atomic Operations in the Linux Kernel (armv8-aarch64)

Typically, a line of code like<span><span>a = a + 1</span></span> translates into three assembly instructions: ldr x0, &aadd x0,x0,#1str x0,&a That is, (1) read the variable a from memory into the X0 register, (2) add 1 to the X0 register, (3) write the value of X0 back to memory a. Since there are three instructions, … Read more