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Overview of Types and Working Principles of Wind Speed Sensors
1. Mechanical Wind Speed Sensor
The wind force generated by air flow drives the sensor to rotate, with the central axis driving internal sensing elements to produce pulse signals. Within the wind speed measurement range, there is a certain linear relationship between wind speed and pulse frequency, allowing for the calculation of wind speed.
2. Ultrasonic Wind Speed Sensor
Air flow passes through the measurement area of the sensor, which is equipped with two pairs of ultrasonic probes (generally arranged in a “cross” pattern). By calculating the time difference of ultrasonic transmission between two points, the wind speed can be determined. This method avoids the influence of temperature on sound speed.
3. Fan-type Anemometer
Similar to the cup anemometer, the fan-type anemometer uses a design similar to a windmill, making it a mechanical structure for wind speed measurement. This type of wind speed sensor may be affected by wind direction during measurement, so it is mostly used in fields such as mining and ventilation ducts.
4. Hot-wire Anemometer
This device uses a fine wire heated to a temperature above room temperature. The air flowing over the wire has a cooling effect on it. Since the resistance of most metals depends on their temperature, a relationship can be established between the resistance of the wire and the flow speed. The output voltage from these anemometers is thus the result of a device within a circuit attempting to maintain a specific variable (current, voltage, or temperature) constant.
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