One-Click Automated Reinstallation of Operating Systems (Linux / Windows)

Official Documentation:https://netboot.xyz/docs

Highlights

One-click installation of Linux, supporting 19 common distributions
One-click installation of Windows, using official ISO installations instead of custom images; the script automatically retrieves ISO links and installs common drivers like Virtio
Supports reinstallation in any direction, i.e.,Linux to Linux,Linux to Windows,Windows to Windows,Windows to Linux
No need to fill in IP parameters; automatically recognizes dynamic/static IPs, supporting/32,/128,gateway not in subnet range,pure IPv6,dual NICs
Specifically adapted for low-spec servers, requiring less memory than the official netboot
Identifies hard drives using partition table IDs throughout the process, ensuring the correct hard drive is not overwritten
Supports BIOS and EFI booting, and ARM servers
Does not include custom packages; all resources are obtained in real-time from mirror sources

System Requirements

The original system can be any system listed in the table

The configuration requirements for the target system are as follows:

System	Version	Memory	Disk
Alpine	3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22	256 MB	1 GB
Debian	9, 10, 11, 12, 13	256 MB	1 ~ 1.5 GB ^
Kali	Rolling	256 MB	1 ~ 1.5 GB ^
Ubuntu	16.04 LTS – 24.04 LTS, 25.04	512 MB *	2 GB
Anolis	7, 8, 23	512 MB *	5 GB
RHEL AlmaLinux Rocky Oracle	8, 9, 10 (if available)	512 MB *	5 GB
OpenCloudOS	8, 9, Stream 23	512 MB *	5 GB
CentOS Stream	9, 10	512 MB *	5 GB
Fedora	41, 42	512 MB *	5 GB
openEuler	20.03 LTS – 24.03 LTS, 25.03	512 MB *	5 GB
openSUSE	Leap 15.6, Tumbleweed (Rolling)	512 MB *	5 GB
NixOS	25.05	512 MB	5 GB
Arch	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
Gentoo	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
安同 OS	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
飞牛 fnOS	Public Beta	512 MB	8 GB
Windows (DD)	Any	512 MB	Depends on the image
Windows (ISO)	Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 – 2012 R2)	512 MB	25 GB
Windows (ISO)	10, 11 (Server 2016 – 2025)	1 GB	25 GB

* Indicates installation using cloud images, not traditional network installation

^ Indicates need for 256 MB memory + 1.5 GB disk, or 512 MB memory + 1 GB disk

Warning

❌ This script does not support OpenVZ or LXC virtual machines

Please usehttps://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation

1. Core Positioning and Needs Addressed by the Project

Core Positioning: A clean, efficient, and highly customizable server operating system network installation (Net-Reinstall) script.

What pain points does it address?

Service provider’s pre-installed system is not clean: Many VPS providers offer template systems that may have pre-installed monitoring agents, promotional software, or other modifications. This script allows for a complete reinstallation to a pristine original system.
Service provider does not support desired systems: Some providers may not offer specific Linux distributions (like Alpine, certain versions of Ubuntu) or specific versions of Windows. This script can overcome that limitation.
Batch rapid deployment: For scenarios requiring the installation of the same configured system on many servers, an automated script is exponentially more efficient than manual clicks.
Rescue and reinstallation: When a server system crashes and cannot boot, you can enter rescue mode via VNC/IPMI and use this script to reinstall the system.

2. Main Features and Characteristics

Wide system support

Linux: Almost all mainstream distributions are supported, such as Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, Fedora, Oracle Linux, Kali Linux, Arch Linux, etc.
Windows: Supports Windows 7, 8, 10, 11, and Windows Server series. This is a rare and powerful feature that usually requires you to provide image links yourself.
Others: Even supports some lightweight or niche systems, such as Alpine Linux, OpenWrt, Tiny Core Linux, etc.

Highly customizable installation

Clean official sources: By default, it uses the official mirror sources of each Linux distribution to ensure system cleanliness.
Custom password: You can preset the root user password or a regular user password.
Custom port: You can preset the SSH port number to enhance security or meet specific needs.
Custom partitioning: Supports using a custom partition scheme during installation (e.g.,-p parameter).
Static IP configuration: For internal network environments or environments without DHCP, you can pre-configure static IP addresses, gateways, and DNS.

Easy to use, one-click execution

Usually requires just one command, specifying the version number with-v and setting parameters like password with-p to start the fully automated installation.
Example:bash <(wget --no-check-certificate -qO- 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh') -p 123456 -v 11 (Install Debian 11, root password is 123456)

Rich technical support

Supports disk drivers for various virtualization technologies (VirtIO, SCSI, NVMe), with good compatibility.
Supports running on various architectures (e.g., x86_64, ARM64).
Provides detailed installation logs for troubleshooting.

3. Brief Introduction to the Working Principle

The working principle of this script is based onLinux network installation (Netboot) andQEMU/KVM technologies, with the general process as follows:

Boot a small rescue system: The script first downloads and boots a minimal Linux system (like Alpine Linux) to run in memory. This system is independent of your original hard drive.
Prepare the installation environment: In the rescue system running in memory, the script downloads the necessary tools and the installation image of the target system.
Configure installation parameters: Based on the command parameters you provide (password, port, IP, etc.), the script generates an automatic response file (like preseed.cfg for Debian/Ubuntu, kickstart.cfg for Red Hat systems) to achieve an unattended installation process.
Execute installation: Usingqemu-system-x86_64 and other tools, it simulates a virtual machine environment to install the target system onto the real physical hard drive. This process will format the original hard drive.
Reboot into the new system: After installation is complete, the script automatically reboots the server and boots the new system from the hard drive.

4. Usage Method (Brief)

Extreme Warning: This script will completely erase your server’s hard drive data! Please ensure that all data is backed up! Test in a non-production environment before use!

Connect to your server (VPS) via SSH.
Obtain root privileges:sudo -i or log in directly as the root user.

Download and execute the script (taking Debian 12 as an example):

# Basic usage, install the latest Debian, password is 123456
bash &lt;(wget --no-check-certificate -qO- 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh') -d 12 -p 123456

# More custom examples: install Ubuntu 22.04, password 123456, port 2222
bash &lt;(wget --no-check-certificate -qO- 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh') -u 22.04 -p 123456 -port 2222

Wait for the script to run automatically, during which the server will reboot. The installation time depends on the system size and network speed.
Reconnect to the server using the new password and port via SSH.

Common parameters:

-d: Install Debian
-u: Install Ubuntu
-c: Install CentOS
-v: Specify version number (e.g.,11,22.04)
-p: Set root password
-port: Set SSH port
-a: Automatic mode (uses all default settings)
-mirror: Custom mirror source

Using-h parameter can view complete help information.

5. Applicable Scenarios and Users

VPS players and individual users: Quickly change systems and try different Linux distributions.
Operations engineers: Batch deploy test machines or production servers with the same environment.
Network security personnel: Quickly set up and restore test environments (like Kali Linux).
Users pursuing a clean system: Get rid of the service provider’s customized system.

6. Risks and Precautions

Risk of data loss: The script will format all hard drives! You must confirm that all important data is backed up before execution.
Service provider policies: Some VPS providers may not allow or may restrict frequent system reinstalls; please comply with the provider’s terms.
Compatibility issues: Although compatibility is generally good, there is still a very small chance of failure on certain special hardware or virtualization platforms.
Network dependency: The entire installation process requires downloading the image from the network; if the server’s network is unstable or the mirror source is slow, it may lead to installation failures or take a long time.

In summary,bin456789/reinstall is a remarkably powerful “Swiss Army knife” that greatly simplifies the process of installing server systems, giving users maximum flexibility and control. But like all powerful tools, caution must be exercised when using it, and a full understanding of the risks involved is essential.

Download (Current system isLinux)

Foreign servers:

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_

Domestic servers:

curl -O https://cnb.cool/bin456789/reinstall/-/git/raw/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_

Download (Current system isWindows)

Important

Please first disableWindows Defender‘sreal-time protection feature. This feature will preventcertutil from downloading any files.

Resolve the issue of not being able to download the script under Windows 7

Foreign servers:

certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat

Domestic servers:

certutil -urlcache -f -split https://cnb.cool/bin456789/reinstall/-/git/raw/main/reinstall.bat

Usage

All functions can run under Linux / Windows

Run under Linuxbash reinstall.sh ...
Run under Windows first withcmd, then runreinstall.bat ...

If the link in the parameters contains special characters, wrap the link with"", and do not use''

Function 1: InstallationLinux

Usernameroot Default password123@@@
Installing the latest version does not require entering the version number
Maximize disk space usage: no boot partition (except for Fedora), no swap partition
Automatically selects different optimized kernels based on machine type, such asCloud,HWE kernels
When installing Red Hat, you need to fill in thehttps://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel to obtain theqcow2 image link; you can also install other RHEL-like systems, such asAlibaba Cloud Linux and<code>TencentOS Server
After reinstallation, if you need to change the SSH port or switch to key login, remember to also modify the/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ files inside

Optional Parameters

--password PASSWORD Set password
--ssh-key KEY Set SSH login public key, supporting the following formats. When using a public key, the password is empty

--ssh-key "ssh-rsa ..."
--ssh-key "ssh-ed25519 ..."
--ssh-key "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256/384/521 ..."
--ssh-key http://path/to/public_key
--ssh-key github:your_username
--ssh-key gitlab:your_username
--ssh-key /path/to/public_key
--ssh-key C:\path\to\public_key

--ssh-port PORT Modify SSH port (for observing logs during installation, also applies to the new system)
--web-port PORT Modify web port (for observing logs during installation)
--frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml Add frpc internal penetration
--hold 2 Do not reboot after installation; at this time, you can SSH in to modify system content, the system is mounted at/os (this feature is not supported on Debian/Kali)

Tip

When installing Debian/Kali, x86 can view the installation progress through the vendor’s backend VNC, and ARM can view the installation progress through the serial console.

When installing other systems, you can view the installation progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP port 80, vendor backend VNC, serial console). Even if the installation process encounters an error, you can run/trans.sh alpine to install to Alpine.

Experimental Features

Notes on Installing Windows on ARM

Most ARM machines support installing the latest Windows 11

The installation process may show a black screen, and the serial console may displayConvertPages: failed to find range, which does not affect normal installation

Compatibility	Cloud Service Providers	Instance Types	Issues
✔️	Azure	B2pts_v2
✔️	Alibaba Cloud	g6r, c6r
✔️	Alibaba Cloud	g8y, c8y, r8y	May hang on the boot logo during reboot; forced reboot may be required
✔️	AWS	T4g
✔️	Scaleway	COPARM1
✔️	Gcore
❔	Oracle Cloud	A1.Flex	May not install successfully; newer instances are more likely to succeed After installation, you still need to manually load the graphics driver
❌	Google Cloud	t2a	Missing network card driver

Loading graphics driver on Oracle Cloud

How to Modify the Script for Personal Use

Fork this repository
Modifyreinstall.sh andreinstall.bat at the beginning ofconfhome andconfhome_cn
Modify other code