The layout and wiring of printed circuit boards (PCBs) are core skills for electronic engineers. It not only concerns the functionality of the circuit but also directly affects the performance and stability of the circuit. This article will directly list the key points for connecting various components on a PCB, helping everyone to master this technology accurately.
1. Avoid Crossed Wires
Lines should not cross directly; use “drilling” or “bending” methods to resolve this. In special cases, it is allowed to use wires to bridge crossing issues.
2. Component Installation Methods
Components such as resistors, diodes, and tubular capacitors can be installed in either vertical or horizontal orientations. Vertical installations save space, while horizontal installations offer higher mechanical strength; choose based on actual needs.
3. Ground Point Arrangement
The ground points of the same level circuit should be as close as possible. The power supply filter capacitor should be connected at this level’s ground point. The ground points of the transistor’s base and emitter should not be too far apart.
4. Arrangement of Ground Lines
Ground lines should be arranged in the order of high frequency – medium frequency – low frequency, from weak current to strong current. High-frequency circuits such as variable frequency heads, regeneration heads, and frequency modulation heads should use a large-area surrounding ground line.
5. Strong Current Leads
They should be as wide as possible to reduce wiring resistance and voltage drop. This minimizes parasitic coupling and prevents self-excitation.
6. Routing Impedance
Routing with high impedance should be kept as short as possible to avoid whistle and signal absorption. Low impedance routing (such as power lines and ground lines) can be a bit longer. The base routing of the emitter follower and channel ground lines should be separated to avoid crosstalk.
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