Focused Training Directions and Specific Answering Techniques for the Judgment and Reasoning Module

1. Question Type Distribution and Examination Context in Guangdong

• Number of Questions: A total of 30 questions (10 questions on graphic reasoning, 10 questions on logical judgment, 5 questions on analogy reasoning, and 5 questions on scientific reasoning).
• Characteristics:
• Graphic Reasoning: Flexible patterns, with recent additions of spatial questions such as three-dimensional combinations and three-view diagrams.
• Scientific Reasoning: Guangdong-specific question types, involving basic knowledge of physics, chemistry, and biology (e.g., mechanics, circuits, phase changes).
• Logical Judgment: Focus on strengthening/weaken questions and hypothetical proposition reasoning.

2. Training Directions and Techniques by Module

1.Graphic Reasoning

• High-Frequency Exam Points and Training Focus:
• Symmetry: Axial symmetry (direction/number of symmetry axes), central symmetry.
• Quantity Patterns: Points (intersections, endpoints), lines (number of straight/curved lines, number of strokes), surfaces (number of closed areas).
• Position Patterns: Translation, rotation, flipping, superposition (removing similarities while retaining differences/removing differences while retaining similarities).
• Spatial Reconstruction: Development diagrams of hexahedrons (common edge method, exclusion of opposite faces), three-view diagrams (pay attention to solid and dashed lines).
• Answering Techniques:

1. Feature Screening Method:

• If graphic elements are similar → prioritize position patterns or superposition;
• If graphic elements are significantly different → prioritize attributes (symmetry, straight/curved) or quantity patterns.

Guangdong-Specific Patterns:

• May involve “Chinese characters/letter shapes” (e.g., number of strokes, structural symmetry).
• Example: If the question stem is “Guangdong Province,” the pattern may be an increasing number of strokes or the number of closed areas.

2.Logical Judgment

• High-Frequency Question Types and Training Focus:
• Strengthening/Weakening Questions (accounting for about 50%):
• Core Method: Focus on the conclusion, prioritize options directly related to the causal chain of the conclusion.
• Guangdong Characteristics: May involve economic and technological topics (e.g., “Artificial intelligence replacing jobs”).
• Hypothetical Proposition Reasoning:
• Must-Memorize Formula:A→B =¬B→¬A (contrapositive equivalence), chain reasoning (A→B, B→C⇒A→C).
• Conclusion-Type Questions:
• Beware of “concept substitution” and “over-inference,” answers must strictly be based on the information in the question stem.
• Answering Techniques:

1. Conclusion Positioning Method:

• Read the question first, clarify the question type (strengthening/weakening/premise), then analyze the question stem accordingly.

Option Comparison Method:

• In strengthening questions, “directly establishing a causal link” is preferred over “providing examples for support;”
• In weakening questions, “cutting off causality” or “proposing alternative causes” is more effective.

3.Analogy Reasoning

• High-Frequency Exam Points and Training Focus:
• Semantic Relationships: Synonyms/antonyms (e.g., “innovation: reform”), metaphorical meanings (e.g., “moon: jade plate”).
• Logical Relationships:
• Genus-species relationship (e.g., “apple: fruit”), composition relationship (e.g., “wheel: car”).
• Causal (e.g., “heavy rain: flood”), function (e.g., “thermometer: measurement”).
• Grammatical Relationships: Subject-verb (e.g., “student: learning”), verb-object (e.g., “reading: books”).
• Answering Techniques:

1. Secondary Distinction Method:

• After confirming the first-level relationship, further compare:
• Natural vs. artificial (e.g., “forest: artificial forest”), specific vs. abstract (e.g., “courage: cowardice”).

Sentence Construction Exclusion Method:

• Substitute the question stem words into a sentence to verify if the options match the logic (e.g., “The doctor treats with a scalpel”).

4.Scientific Reasoning (Guangdong Characteristics)

• High-Frequency Exam Points and Training Focus:
• Physics:
• Mechanics: Lever balance, buoyancy (if ρ liquid > ρ object, it will float), force analysis on inclined planes.
• Optics: Law of reflection, refraction phenomena (objects in water appear higher).
• Circuit: Characteristics of series and parallel currents/voltages, application of Ohm’s law.
• Chemistry:
• Properties of substances (activity series of metals), changes in solution concentration, gas solubility (effects of temperature/pressure).
• Biology:
• Ecological systems (food chains), relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.
• Answering Techniques:

1. Modeling Thinking:

• Transform life scenarios into physical models (e.g., “elevator rising → overweight state”).

Quick Formula Application:

• Lever balance:F₁×L₁=F₂×L₂;
• Buoyancy formula:F浮=ρ液gV排。

3. Examination Strategies

1. Time Allocation:

• Graphic Reasoning (10 questions) ≤ 10 minutes, Logical Judgment (10 questions) ≤ 12 minutes, Analogy Reasoning (5 questions) ≤ 3 minutes, Scientific Reasoning (5 questions) ≤ 8 minutes.

Question Order:

• Recommended order: Analogy Reasoning → Graphic Reasoning → Scientific Reasoning → Logical Judgment (easier to harder, to avoid getting stuck).

Trade-off Principles:

• In graphic reasoning, if not solved within 40 seconds, skip directly; in scientific reasoning, complex calculation questions can be appropriately abandoned.

4. Daily Training Plan

1. Breakthrough by Question Type:

• Graphic Reasoning: 10 questions daily, focusing on symmetry and quantity patterns;
• Scientific Reasoning: 2 physics questions daily + 1 chemistry question, memorize basic formulas.

Analysis of Real Questions:

• Review the real questions from Guangdong over the past 3 years repeatedly, summarizing high-frequency exam points (e.g., lever questions appearing 3 times/year in scientific reasoning).

Classification of Mistakes:

• Organize by type of error (e.g., misjudgment of graphic patterns, omission in secondary distinction of analogy), targeting weaknesses.

5. Common Pitfall Reminders

• Graphic Reasoning: Ignoring overall attributes (e.g., symmetry) while overly dissecting details.
• Logical Judgment: Confusing “weakening the conclusion” with “weakening the argument process.”
• Scientific Reasoning: Relying on rote memorization of formulas without understanding, making it difficult to apply flexibly in real scenarios.

Appendix: Mnemonic for Improving Judgment and Reasoning Scores

First look for symmetry in graphics, then follow with quantity and position; logical focus on the conclusion chain, analogy through sentence construction; scientific modeling of scenarios, flexibly applying formulas to solve problems!