Vocabulary is the foundation of learning English. In middle school English, the examination of words is not limited to spelling; it emphasizes the flexible transformation and application of different word classes. This is a type of question that students often encounter in exercises or exams—word class transformation.
Verb to Noun
1
v. + ment ending
achieve — achievement achievement
advertise — advertisement advertisement
agree — agreement agreement
amuse — amusement amusement
commit — commitment commitment, dedication
develop — development development
disagree — disagreement disagreement
equip — equipment equipment, apparatus
govern — government government
manage — management management
argue — argument argument
2
v. + ion ending
attract — attraction attraction
discuss — discussion discussion
express — expression expression
instruct — instruction instruction
invent — invention invention
predict — prediction prediction
impress — impression impression
suggest — suggestion suggestion
educate — education education
graduate — graduation graduation
operate — operation operation, surgery
illustrate — illustration illustration
pollute — pollution pollution
introduce — introduction introduction
organize — organization organization
imagine — imagination imagination
inspire — inspiration inspiration, something uplifting
invite — invitation invitation
compete — competition competition, match
pronounce — pronunciation pronunciation
admit — admission admission
permit — permission permission
conclude — conclusion conclusion
decide — decision decision
describe — description description
resolve — resolution resolution
solve — solution solution
3
v. + ance ending
allow — allowance allowance
appear — appearance appearance
perform — performance performance
exist — existence existence
4
v. + ing ending
end — ending ending, conclusion
train — training training
mean — meaning meaning
say — saying saying
remind — reminding reminding
bathe — bathing bathing
5
Adding -er or -or to form nouns indicating ‘a person of a certain kind’
work — worker worker
teach — teacher teacher
sing — singer singer
jump — jumper high jumper
play — player performer, athlete
learn — learner learner
visit — visitor visitor
invent — inventor inventor
6
v. + others
beg — beggar beggar
sit — seat seat
believe — belief belief
behave — behavior behavior
know — knowledge knowledge
fly — flight flight
mix — mixture mixture
press — pressure pressure
serve — service service
succeed — success success
pursue — pursuit pursuit, engagement
propose — proposal proposal
withdraw — withdrawal withdrawal
survive — survival / survivor survivor
arrive — arrival arrival
analyze — analysis analysis
Adjective to Noun
1
Change -ent to -ency or -ence
efficient — efficiency efficiency
patient — patience / impatience patience / impatience
dependent — dependence dependence
independent — independence independence
urgent — urgency urgency
2
Change -ble to -bility
possible — possibility possibility
responsible — responsibility responsibility, duty
3
Others
accurate — accuracy accuracy
prosperous — prosperity prosperity
true — truth truth
wide — width width
long — length length
high — height height
Noun/Verb to Adjective
1
Noun + y
honest — honesty honest
guilt — guilty guilty
health — healthy healthy
luck — lucky lucky
cloud — cloudy cloudy
wind — windy windy
rain — rainy rainy
snow — snowy snowy
tourist — touristy touristy
Change -er to -ry
hunger — hungry hungry
anger — angry angry
fog — foggy foggy
sun — sunny sunny
fur — furry furry
shine — shiny shiny
taste — tasty tasty
2
Noun/Verb + ed
Add ed for words ending in consonant + consonant
talent — talented talented
offend — offended offended
crowd — crowded crowded
Add d for words ending in vowel e
balance — balanced balanced
organize — organized organized
pollute — polluted polluted
please — pleased pleased
Double the final consonant and add ed for words ending in a vowel + consonant
spot — spotted spotted
3
Noun + ful / less
care — careful / careless careful / careless
help — helpful / helpless helpful / helpless
use — useful / useless useful / useless
meaning — meaningful / meaningless meaningful / meaningless
colour — colourful / colourless colourful / colourless
pain — painful / painless painful / painless
thank — thankful / thankless thankful / thankless
peace — peaceful peaceful
play — playful playful
home — homeless homeless
4
Noun / Verb + able
change — changeable changeable
adjust — adjustable adjustable
comfort — comfortable comfortable
knowledge — knowledgeable knowledgeable
suit — suitable suitable
Change y to i and add able for verbs ending in consonant + y
deny — deniable deniable
rely — reliable reliable
5
Noun + ous
courage — courageous courageous
danger — dangerous dangerous
Change y to i and add ous for words ending in y
mystery — mysterious mysterious
6
Change ce to t
confidence — confident confident
difference — different different
dependence — dependent dependent
independence — independent independent
7
Add al to the end
addition — additional additional
music — musical musical
person — personal personal
nation — national national
education — educational educational
tradition — traditional traditional
origin — original original
Remove final vowel and add al for words ending in vowel e
nature — natural natural
globe — global global
Exceptions:
class — classical classical
medicine — medical medical
grammar — grammatical grammatical
8
Noun + ly
friend — friendly friendly
live — lively lively
love — lovely lovely
week — weekly weekly
man — manly manly
9
Add en to the end
wood — wooden wooden
wool — woolen woolen
10
Words Indicating Direction
East — eastern
West — western
South — southern
North — northern
11
Four Continents
Asia — Asian
Africa — African
Europe — European
America — American
12
Others
energy — energetic energetic
strategy — strategic strategic
scientist — scientific scientific
fool — foolish foolish
love — loving loving
pleasure — pleasant pleasant / pleased pleased
pride — proud proud
Adjective to Verb
1
Add ize
modern — modernize modernize
social — socialize socialize
2
Add en
fast — fasten fasten
short — shorten shorten
wide — widen widen
less — lessen lessen
Exceptions (with transformation):
long — lengthen lengthen
strong — strengthen strengthen
3
Add en to the front
large — enlarge enlarge
Adjective to Adverb
1
Adjective + ly
bad — badly badly
bright — brightly brightly
casual — casually casually
clear — clearly clearly
complete — completely completely
correct — correctly correctly
final — finally finally
fortunate — fortunately fortunately
general — generally generally
loud — loudly loudly
particular — particularly particularly
polite — politely politely
proper — properly properly
main — mainly mainly
most — mostly mostly
normal — normally normally
quick — quickly quickly
quiet — quietly quietly
real — really really
recent — recently recently
sad — sadly sadly
slow — slowly slowly
special — specially specially
specific — specifically specifically
strong — strongly strongly
sudden — suddenly suddenly
usual — usually usually
2
For words ending in le, remove e + y
comfortable — comfortably comfortably
gentle — gently gently
possible — possibly possibly
simple — simply simply
terrible — terribly terribly
3
For consonant + y, change y to ily
easy — easily easily
heavy — heavily heavily
happy — happily happily
4
Special Cases
good — well well
true — truly truly
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