Vocabulary is the foundation of learning English. The examination of words in English is not limited to their spelling, but emphasizes the flexible conversion and application of different word classes. This is a type of question that students often encounter in exercises or exams—word class conversion.
Verb to Noun
1. Ends in V+ ment
achieve —— achievement Achievement
advertise —— advertisement Advertisement
agree —— agreement Agreement
amuse——amusement Amusement
commit —— commitment Commitment
develop —— development Development
disagree —— disagreement Disagreement
equip —— equipment Equipment
govern —— government Government
manage——management Management
argue —— argument Argument
2. Ends in V+ ion
attract —— attraction Attraction
discuss —— discussion Discussion
express —— expression Expression
instruct —— instruction Instruction
invent—— invention Invention
predict —— prediction Prediction
impress —— impression Impression
suggest —— suggestion Suggestion
educate —— education Education
graduate —— graduation Graduation
operate —— operation Operation
illustrate —— illustration Illustration
pollute —— pollution Pollution
introduce —— introduction Introduction
organize —— organization Organization
imagine —— imagination Imagination
inspire—— inspiration Inspiration
invite —— invitation Invitation
compete —— competition Competition
pronounce —— pronunciation Pronunciation
admit —— admission Admission
permit —— permission Permission
conclude —— conclusion Conclusion
decide —— decision Decision
describe —— description Description
resolve —— resolution Resolution
solve —— solution Solution
3. Ends in V+ ance
allow —— allowance Allowance
appear —— appearance Appearance
perform —— performance Performance
exist —— existence Existence
4. Ends in V+ ing
end —— ending Ending
train —— training Training
mean —— meaning Meaning
say—— saying Saying
remind —— reminding Reminding
bathe —— bathing Bathing
5. Add er or or to become a noun indicating a “type of person”
work——worker Worker
teach——teacher Teacher
sing——singer Singer
jump——jumper Jumper
play——player Player
learn——learner Learner
visit——visitor Visitor
invent——inventor Inventor
6. Other Conversions
beg——beggar Beggar
sit——seat Seat
believe —— belief Belief
behave —— behavior Behavior
know—— knowledge Knowledge
fly—— flight Flight
mix —— mixture Mixture
press —— pressure Pressure
serve —— service Service
succeed —— success Success
pursue —— pursuit Pursuit
propose —— proposal Proposal
withdraw —— withdrawal Withdrawal
survive —— survival Survival–survivor Survivor
arrive —— arrival Arrival
analyze —— analysis Analysis
Adjective to Noun
1. Change ent to ency or ence
efficient——efficiency Efficiency
patient——patience/impatience Patience/Impatience
dependent——dependence Dependence
independent——independence Independence
urgent——urgency Urgency
2. Ends in ble, change ble to bility
possible——possibility Possibility
responsible——responsibility Responsibility
3. Other Conversions
accurate——accuracy Accuracy
prosperous——prosperity Prosperity
true——truth Truth
wide——width Width
long——length Length
high——height Height
Noun/Verb to Adjective
1. Noun + y
guilt——guilty Guilty
health——healthy Healthy
luck——lucky Lucky
cloud——cloudy Cloudy
wind——windy Windy
rain——rainy Rainy
snow——snowy Snowy
tourist——touristy Touristy
(ending in er, change er to ry)
hunger——hungry Hungry
anger——angry Angry
fog——foggy Foggy
sun——sunny Sunny
fur——furry Furry
shine——shiny Shiny
taste——tasty Tasty
2. Noun/Verb + ed
(For words ending in consonant + consonant, add ed directly)
talent——talented Talented
offend——offended Offended
crowd——crowded Crowded
(For words ending in vowel e, add d directly)
balance——balanced Balanced
organize——organized Organized
pollute——polluted Polluted
please——pleased Pleased
(For words ending in vowel + consonant, double the last consonant and add ed)
spot——spotted Spotted
3. Noun + ful/less
care——careful/careless Careful/Careless
help——helpful/helpless Helpful/Helpless
use——useful/useless Useful/Useless
meaning——meaningful/meaningless Meaningful/Meaningless
colour——colourful/colourless Colourful/Colourless
pain——painful/painless Painful/Painless
thank——thankful/thankless Thankful/Thankless
peace——peaceful Peaceful
play——playful Playful
home——homeless Homeless
4. Noun/Verb + able
change——changeable Changeable
adjust——adjustable Adjustable
comfort——comfortable Comfortable
knowledge——knowledgeable Knowledgeable
suit——suitable Suitable
(For verbs ending in consonant + y, change y to i and add able)
deny——deniable Deniable
rely——reliable Reliable
5. Noun + ous
courage——courageous Courageous
danger——dangerous Dangerous
(For words ending in y, change y to i and add ous)
mystery——mysterious Mysterious
6. Change ce to t
confidence——confident Confident
difference——different Different
dependence——dependent Dependent
independence——independent Independent
7. Add al to the end
addition——additional Additional
music——musical Musical
person——personal Personal
nation——national National
education——educational Educational
tradition——traditional Traditional
origin——original Original
(For words ending in vowel e, remove the last vowel and add al)
nature——natural Natural
globe——global Global
Special Case: class——classical Classical
medicine——medical Medical
grammar——grammatical Grammatical
8. Noun + ly
friend——friendly Friendly
live——lively Lively
love——lovely Lovely
week——weekly Weekly
man——manly Manly
9. Add en to the end
wood——wooden Wooden
wool——woolen Woolen
10. Words Indicating Direction
East——eastern Easter
West——western Western
South——southern Southern
North——northern Northern
11. Four Continents
Asia——Asian Asian
Africa——African African
Europe——European European
America——American American
12. Other Conversions
energy——energetic Energetic
strategy——strategic Strategic
scientist——scientific Scientific
fool——foolish Foolish
love——loving Loving
pleasure——pleasant Pleasant
pride——proud Proud
Adjective to Verb
1. Add ize to the end
modern——modernize Modernize
social——socialize Socialize
2. Add en to the end
fast——fasten Fasten
short——shorten Shorten
wide——widen Widen
less——lessen Lessen
Special Cases (with changes):
long——lengthen Lengthen
strong——strengthen Strengthen
3. Add en to the front
large——enlarge Enlarge
Adjective to Adverb
1. Adjective + ly
bad——badly Badly
bright——brightly Brightly
casual——casually Casually
clear——clearly Clearly
complete——completely Completely
correct——correctly Correctly
final——finally Finally
fortunate——fortunately Fortunately
general——generally Generally
loud——loudly Loudly
particular——particularly Particularly
polite——politely Politely
proper——properly Properly
main——mainly Mainly
most——mostly Mostly
normal——normally Normally
quick——quickly Quickly
quiet——quietly Quietly
real——really Really
recent——recently Recently
sad——sadly Sadly
slow——slowly Slowly
special——specially Specially
specific——specifically Specifically
strong——strongly Strongly
sudden——suddenly Suddenly
usual——usually Usually
2. For words ending in le, remove e + y
comfortable——comfortably Comfortably
gentle——gently Gently
possible——possibly Possibly
simple——simply Simply
terrible——terribly Terribly
3. For consonant + y, change y to ily
easy——easily Easily
heavy——heavily Heavily
happy——happily Happily
4. Special Cases
good——well Well
true——truly Truly
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