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● Is owning books evidence of education? Indeed, who can compete in upbringing with a bookstore owner who has a house full of books? – Lucianus
Vocabulary is the foundation of learning English. The assessment of words in English is not limited to spelling but emphasizes the flexible transformation and application of different word classes, which is a type of question that students often encounter in exercises or exams—word class transformation.
Transforming Verbs into Nouns
1. V + ment
achieve —— achievement
advertise —— advertisement
agree —— agreement
amuse——amusement
commit —— commitment
develop —— development
disagree —— disagreement
equip —— equipment
govern —— government
manage——management
argue —— argument
2. V + ion
attract —— attraction
discuss —— discussion
express —— expression
instruct —— instruction
invent—— invention
predict —— prediction
impress —— impression
suggest —— suggestion
educate —— education
graduate —— graduation
operate —— operation
illustrate —— illustration
pollute —— pollution
introduce —— introduction
organize —— organization
imagine —— imagination
inspire—— inspiration
invite —— invitation
compete —— competition
pronounce —— pronunciation
admit —— admission
permit —— permission
conclude —— conclusion
decide —— decision
describe —— description
resolve —— resolution
solve —— solution
3. V + ance
allow —— allowance
appear —— appearance
perform —— performance
exist —— existence
4. V + ing
end —— ending
train —— training
mean —— meaning
say—— saying
remind —— reminding
bathe —— bathing
5. Add er or or to form nouns indicating a type of person
work——worker
teach——teacher
sing——singer
jump——jumper
play——player
learn——learner
visit——visitor
invent——inventor
6. V + Others
beg——beggar
sit——seat
believe —— belief
behave —— behavior
know—— knowledge
fly—— flight
mix —— mixture
press —— pressure
serve —— service
succeed —— success
pursue —— pursuit
propose —— proposal
withdraw —— withdrawal
survive —— survivor
arrive —— arrival
analyze —— analysis
Transforming Adjectives into Nouns
1. Change ent to ency or ence
efficient——efficiency
patient——patience/impatience
dependent——dependence
independent——independence
urgent——urgency
2. Change ble to bility
possible——possibility
responsible——responsibility
3. Others
accurate——accuracy
prosperous——prosperity
true——truth
wide——width
long——length
high——height
Transforming Nouns/Verbs into Adjectives
1. Noun + y
guilt —— guilty
health——healthy
luck——lucky
cloud——cloudy
wind——windy
rain——rainy
snow——snowy
tourist —— touristy
(Change er to ry)
hunger——hungry
anger —— angry
fog—— foggy
sun—— sunny
fur—— furry
shine——shiny
taste —— tasty
2. Noun/Verb + ed
(For words ending in consonant + consonant, just add ed)
talent —— talented
offend —— offended
crowd —— crowded
(For words ending in vowel e, just add d)
balance —— balanced
organize——organized
pollute —— polluted
please —— pleased
(For words ending in vowel + consonant, double the consonant and add ed)
spot —— spotted
3. Noun + ful/less
care —— careful/ careless
help—— helpful / helpless
use—— useful/ useless
meaning —— meaningful / meaningless
colour—— colourful / colourless
pain —— painful / painless
thank—— thankful / thankless
peace —— peaceful
play —— playful
home —— homeless
4. Noun/Verb + able
change —— changeable
adjust—— adjustable
comfort—— comfortable
knowledge—— knowledgeable
suit —— suitable
(For verbs ending in consonant + y, change y to i and add able)
deny—— deniable
rely—— reliable
5. Noun + ous
courage—— courageous
danger—— dangerous
(For words ending in y, change y to i and add ous)
mystery —— mysterious
6. Change ce to t
confidence—— confident
difference—— different
dependence —— dependent
independence—— independent
7. Add al
addition—— additional
music—— musical
person—— personal
nation—— national
education—— educational
tradition—— traditional
origin—— original
(For words ending in vowel e, remove the vowel and add al)
nature—— natural
globe—— global
Exception: class—— classical
medicine —— medical
grammar—— grammatical
8. Noun + ly
friend—— friendly
live—— lively
love—— lovely
week—— weekly
man—— manly
9. Add en
wood—— wooden
wool—— woolen
10. Directional Words
East—— eastern
West—— western
South—— southern
North—— northern
11. Continents
Asia—— Asian
Africa—— African
Europe—— European
America—— American
12. Others
energy—— energetic
strategy—— strategic
scientist—— scientific
fool—— foolish
love—— loving
pleasure—— pleasant
pride—— proud
Transforming Adjectives into Verbs
1. Add ize
modern——modernize
social——socialize
2. Add en
fast——fasten
short—— shorten
wide—— widen
less—— lessen
Exception (with transformation):
long—— lengthen
strong —— strengthen
3. Add en in front
large —— enlarge
Transforming Adjectives into Adverbs
1. Adjective + ly
bad—— badly
bright—— brightly
casual—— casually
clear—— clearly
complete—— completely
correct—— correctly
final—— finally
fortunate—— fortunately
general—— generally
loud—— loudly
particular—— particularly
polite—— politely
proper—— properly
main—— mainly
most—— mostly
normal—— normally
quick—— quickly
quiet—— quietly
real—— really
recent—— recently
sad—— sadly
slow—— slowly
special—— specially
specific—— specifically
strong—— strongly
sudden—— suddenly
usual—— usually
2. For words ending in le, remove e and add y
comfortable—— comfortably
gentle—— gently
possible—— possibly
simple—— simply
terrible—— terribly
3. For consonant + y, change y to ily
easy—— easily
heavy—— heavily
happy—— happily
4. Special Cases
good—— well
true—— truly
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