Verb to Noun Transformation
011. v + ment endingachieve —— achievementadvertise —— advertisementagree —— agreementamuse——amusementcommit —— commitmentdevelop —— developmentdisagree —— disagreementequip —— equipmentgovern —— governmentmanage——managementargue —— argument 2. v + ion endingattract —— attractiondiscuss —— discussionexpress —— expressioninstruct —— instructioninvent—— inventionpredict —— predictionimpress —— impressionsuggest —— suggestioneducate —— educationgraduate —— graduationoperate —— operationillustrate —— illustrationpollute —— pollutionintroduce —— introductionorganize —— organizationimagine —— imaginationinspire—— inspirationinvite —— invitationcompete —— competitionpronounce —— pronunciationadmit —— admissionpermit —— permissionconclude —— conclusiondecide —— decisiondescribe —— descriptionresolve —— resolutionsolve —— solution 3. v + ance endingallow —— allowanceappear —— appearanceperform —— performanceexist —— existence 4. v + ing endingend —— endingtrain —— trainingmean —— meaningsay—— sayingremind —— reminding bathe —— bathing 5. Nouns formed by adding -er or -or to indicate “a type of person”work——workerteach——teachersing——singerjump——jumperplay——playerlearn——learnervisit——visitorinvent——inventor 6. v + othersbeg——beggarsit——seatbelieve —— beliefbehave —— behaviorknow—— knowledgefly—— flightmix —— mixturepress —— pressureserve —— servicesucceed —— successpursue —— pursuitpropose —— proposalwithdraw —— withdrawalsurvive —— survivalarrive —— arrivalanalyze —— analysisAdjective to Noun Transformation021. Change -ent to -ency or -enceefficient—— efficiencypatient—— patience/impatiencedependent—— dependenceindependent—— independenceurgent—— urgency 2. -ble ending, change -ble to -bilitypossible—— possibilityresponsible—— responsibility 3. Othersaccurate—— accuracyprosperous—— prosperitytrue—— truthwide—— widthlong—— length
high—— height
Noun/Verb to Adjective Transformation031. Noun + yguilt 罪恶——guiltyhealth——healthyluck——luckycloud——cloudywind——windyrain——rainysnow——snowytourist —— touristy Change -er to -ryhunger——hungryanger —— angry
Double consonants + y
fog—— foggy
sun—— sunnyfur—— furry
Change -e to -y
shine——shiny
taste —— tasty 2. Noun/Verb + edWords ending in consonant + consonant, simply add -edtalent —— talentedoffend —— offendedcrowd —— crowded Words ending in vowel e, simply add -dbalance —— balancedorganize—— organizedpollute —— pollutedplease —— pleased Words ending in vowel + consonant, double the final consonant and add -edspot —— spotted 3. Noun + ful/lesscare —— careful/ carelesshelp—— helpful / helplessuse—— useful/ uselessmeaning —— meaningful / meaninglesscolour—— colourful / colourlesspain —— painful / painlessthank—— thankful / thanklesspeace —— peacefulplay —— playfulhome —— homeless 4. Noun/Verb + ablechange —— changeableadjust—— adjustablecomfort—— comfortableknowledge—— knowledgeablesuit —— suitable Verbs ending in consonant + y change y to i and add -abledeny—— deniablerely—— reliable 5. Noun + ouscourage—— courageousdanger—— dangerous Words ending in y change y to i and add -ousmystery—— mysterious 6. ce to tconfidence—— confidentdifference—— differentdependence —— dependentindependence—— independent 7. Add -aladdition—— additionalmusic—— musicalperson—— personalnation—— nationaleducation—— educationaltradition—— traditionalorigin—— original Words ending in vowel e drop the final vowel and add -alnature—— naturalglobe—— global Exceptions:class—— classicalmedicine—— medicalgrammar—— grammatical 8. Noun + lyfriend—— friendlylive—— livelylove—— lovelyweek—— weeklyman—— manly 9. Add -enwood—— woodenwool—— woolen 10. Directional wordsEast—— easternWest—— westernSouth—— southernNorth—— northern 11. ContinentsAsia—— AsianAfrica—— AfricanEurope—— EuropeanAmerica—— American 12. Othersenergy—— energeticstrategy—— strategicscientist—— scientific fool—— foolishlove—— lovingpleasure—— pleasant
pride—— proud
Adjective to Verb Transformation041. Add -izemodern—— modernizesocial—— socialize 2. Add -enfast—— fastenshort—— shortenwide—— widenless—— lessen Exceptions (with changes):long—— lengthenstrong —— strengthen 3. Add en before the word
large —— enlarge
Adjective to Adverb Transformation051. Adjective + lybad—— badlybright—— brightlycasual—— casuallyclear—— clearlycomplete—— completelycorrect—— correctlyfinal—— finallyfortunate—— fortunatelygeneral—— generallyloud—— loudlyparticular —— particularlypolite—— politelyproper —— properlymain—— mainlymost —— mostlynormal—— normallyquick—— quicklyquiet—— quietlyreal—— reallyrecent —— recentlysad—— sadlyslow—— slowlyspecial—— speciallyspecific—— specificallystrong—— stronglysudden—— suddenlyusual—— usually 2. Words ending in le, drop e + ycomfortable—— comfortablygentle—— gentlypossible—— possiblysimple—— simplyterrible—— terribly 3. Consonant + y changes y to ilyeasy—— easilyheavy—— heavilyhappy—— happily 4. Special Casesgood—— well
true—— truly
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