Why do you still feel your vocabulary is insufficient despite memorizing many words? It may be because you haven’t mastered their transformation rules. Mastering the conversion of word classes can be considered a significant means to break through vocabulary limitations. This conversion guide can help you grasp it easily~
1Verb to Noun Conversion1. v + ment endingachieve —— achievement 成就advertise —— advertisement 广告agree —— agreement 同意amuse —— amusement 娱乐commit —— commitment 奉献develop —— development 发展disagree —— disagreement 不赞同equip 装备 —— equipment 装备，器材govern 统治 —— government 政府manage —— management 经营，管理argue —— argument 争吵2. V + ion endingattract —— attraction 吸引discuss —— discussion 讨论express —— expression 词语；表达instruct —— instruction 指导，介绍invent —— invention 发明predict —— prediction 预言impress —— impression 印象suggest —— suggestion 建议，暗示educate —— education 教育graduate —— graduation 毕业operate —— operation 操作，动手术illustrate —— illustration 阐明，举例说明pollute —— pollution 污染introduce —— introduction 介绍organize —— organization 组织imagine —— imagination 想象力inspire —— inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的invite —— invitation 邀请compete —— competition 竞争，比赛pronounce —— pronunciation 发音admit —— admission 承认permit —— permission 允许conclude —— conclusion 结论decide —— decision 决定describe —— description 描写，描绘resolve —— resolution 决心solve —— solution 解决方法
3. V + ance endingallow —— allowance 允许appear —— appearance 外貌 ，出现perform —— performance 演出exist —— existence 存在4. V + ing endingend —— ending 结尾，结局train —— training 训练mean —— meaning 意义say —— saying 谚语remind —— reminding 提醒bathe —— bathing 沐浴5. Add -er or -or to form nouns indicating a type of personwork —— worker 工人teach —— teacher 老师sing —— singer 歌手jump —— jumper 跳高运动员play —— player 表演者、运动员learn —— learner 学习者visit —— visitor 访问者invent —— inventor 发明家6. V + Othersbeg —— beggar 乞丐sit —— seat 座位believe —— belief 信仰behave —— behavior 行为know —— knowledge 知识fly —— flight 飞行mix —— mixture 混合物press —— pressure 压力serve —— service 服务succeed —— success 成功pursue —— pursuit 追求，从事propose —— proposal 建议withdraw —— withdrawal 取钱；收回；撤退survive —— survival — survivor 幸存者arrive —— arrival 到达analyze —— analysis 分析
2Adjective to Noun Conversion1. Change -ent to -ency or -enceefficient 有效率的 —— efficiency 效率patient —— patience/impatience 耐性/无耐心dependent —— dependence 依赖性independent —— independency 独立性urgent —— urgency 紧急2. Change -ble to -bilitypossible —— possibility 可能responsible —— responsibility 责任；职责3. Othersaccurate —— accuracy 准确性prosperous —— prosperity 繁荣true —— truth 真相wide —— width 宽度long —— length 长度high —— height 高度3Noun/Verb to Adjective Conversion1. Noun + yhonest —— honesty 诚实的guilt 罪恶—— guilty 内疚的health —— healthy 健康的luck —— lucky 幸运的cloud —— cloudy 多云的wind —— windy 多风的rain —— rainy 多雨的snow —— snowy 多雪的tourist —— touristy 游客多的er结尾，改er为ryhunger —— hungry 饥饿的anger —— angry 生气的fog —— foggy 有雾的sun —— sunny 阳关灿烂的fur —— furry 毛皮的shine —— shiny 发亮的taste —— tasty 美味的2. Noun/Verb + edFor words ending with consonant + consonant, simply add edtalent —— talented 有天赋的offend —— offended 生气的crowd —— crowded 拥挤的For words ending with vowel letter e, simply add dbalance —— balanced 平衡的organize —— organized 有组织的pollute —— polluted 被污染的please —— pleased 高兴的For words ending with vowel + consonant, double the final consonant and add edspot —— spotted 有斑点的
3. Noun + ful/lesscare —— careful/careless 小心的/ 粗心的help —— helpful/helpless 有帮助的/ 无助的use —— useful/useless 有用的 / 无用的meaning —— meaningful/meaningless 有意义的/无意义的colour —— colourful/colourless 多彩的/无色的pain 疼痛 —— painful/painless 痛苦的/ 不痛的thank —— thankful/thankless 充满感激的/ 不知感恩的peace 和平 —— peaceful 和平的play 游戏 —— playful 爱玩耍的home —— homeless 无家可归的4. Noun/Verb + ablechange —— changeable 易变的adjust —— adjustable 可调整的comfort —— comfortable 舒适的knowledge —— knowledgeable 知识渊博的suit —— suitable 合适的For verbs ending with consonant + y, change y to i and add abledeny —— deniable 可否认的rely —— reliable 可靠的5. Noun + ouscourage —— courageous 勇敢的danger —— dangerous 危险的For words ending with y, change y to i and add ousmystery 神秘—— mysterious 神秘的6. Change -ce to -tconfidence —— confident 自信的difference —— different 不同的dependence —— dependent 依赖他人的independence —— independent 独立的7. Add -aladdition —— additional 附加的，额外的music —— musical 音乐的person —— personal (私人的)nation —— national 国家education —— educational 有教育意义的tradition —— traditional 传统的origin 起源—— original 新颖的；独创的For words ending with vowel letter, remove the final vowel and add -alnature —— natural 自然的globe —— global 全球的Exceptions:class —— classical 经典的medicine 药—— medical 医学的grammar —— grammatical 语法的
8. Noun + lyfriend —— friendly 友好的live —— lively 活跃的，有生气的love —— lovely 可爱的week —— weekly 每周的man —— manly 男子气概的；强壮的9. Add -enwood —— wooden 木制的wool —— woolen 羊毛的10. Words indicating directionEast —— easternWest —— westernSouth —— southernNorth —— northern11. ContinentsAsia 亚洲—— AsianAfrica 非洲—— AfricanEurope 欧洲—— EuropeanAmerica 美洲—— American12. Othersenergy 精力—— energetic 精力充沛的strategy —— strategic 战略的scientist —— scientific 科学的fool 傻子—— foolish 愚蠢的love —— loving 慈爱的pleasure —— pleasant 令人愉快的 / pleased 高兴的
pride —— proud 自豪的
4Adjective to Verb Conversion1. Add -izemodern —— modernize 使…现代化social —— socialize 使…社会化2. Add -enfast —— fasten 使固定；集中于short —— shorten 缩短wide —— widen 放宽less —— lessen 使…减少Exceptions (with changes):long —— lengthen 使延长strong —— strengthen 加强；巩固3. Add en before the wordlarge —— enlarge 扩大；放大
5Adjective to Adverb Conversion1. Adjective + lybad —— badly 坏地bright —— brightly 明亮地casual —— casually 随意地clear —— clearly 清楚地complete —— completely 完全correct —— correctly 正确地final —— finally 最后fortunate —— fortunately 幸运地general —— generally 一般来讲loud —— loudly 大声地particular —— particularly 特别地polite —— politely 礼貌地proper —— properly 适当地main —— mainly 主要地most —— mostly 多半，大多数normal —— normally 正常地quick —— quickly 迅速地quiet —— quietly 轻轻地，安静地real —— really 真正地recent —— recently 最近；近来sad —— sadly 悲哀地slow —— slowly 缓慢地special —— specially 专门，特殊地specific —— specifically 特定地，明确地strong —— strongly 坚决地， 强烈地sudden —— suddenly 突然usual —— usually 通常2. For words ending with -le, remove e and add -ycomfortable —— comfortably 舒服地gentle —— gently 温柔地possible —— possibly 可能地simple —— simply 仅仅；只；简单地terrible —— terribly 非常；极度地3. For consonant + y, change y to ilyeasy —— easily 容易地heavy —— heavily 沉重地happy —— happily 快乐地4. Special Casesgood —— well 好地true —— truly 真实地
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