Why is PWM dimming considered the “dragon-slaying sword” for electronics enthusiasts? Imagine your LED lights can achieve stepless dimming from a dim candlelight to bright daylight, just like a smartphone screen, by sliding a button. It can even simulate the romantic effect of a breathing light. All of this relies on a magical electronic technique—PWM … Read more
Comprehensive Analysis of Arduino UNO Hardware: The Hardcore Secrets of a Maker Community EvergreenWhy has one board been popular for 15 years? Dissecting the classic to unlock the underlying logic of the Internet of Things! 🌠 Introduction In the world of makers, there is a blue circuit board—it appears on the desks in Tsinghua University … Read more
Step 1: Learning Basic Theoretical KnowledgeBasic theoretical knowledge includes analog circuits, digital circuits, and C language knowledge. Analog and digital circuits are abstract subjects, and mastering them requires considerable effort. Before you start learning microcontrollers, if you feel your foundation in analog and digital circuits is weak, do not rush into learning microcontrollers; instead, review … Read more
As artificial intelligence transitions from training to inference, the competitive landscape for AI chips is changing. While the position of general-purpose GPUs remains stable, ASICs are becoming crucial for AI applications due to their energy efficiency and adaptability to specific scenarios. This article analyzes how ASICs are reshaping the AI computing ecosystem from multiple dimensions. … Read more
The security of industrial automation systems is a key focus in the modern industrial control field, especially for industrial control systems involving Siemens PLCs. How to implement level protection (referred to as “level protection”) has become an unavoidable topic for engineers.This article will interpret how to implement level protection requirements in Siemens PLC systems from … Read more
Introduction to Excellent Verilog/FPGA Open Source Projects (Thirteen) – I2C 0 Introduction to I2C Official Website ❝ I2C – What’s That? The I2C bus specification was written by Philips Semiconductors, which later became NXP Semiconductors, and is now the maintainer of the I2C bus specification. Unfortunately, the latest I²C bus specification, NXP document version 6.0, … Read more
When I first encountered electronic systems, I could only practice soldering and was eager to understand circuit boards, but I struggled to grasp the essentials. Later, in the lab and after starting my job, as I accumulated experience in hardware design and debugging, combined with guidance from experienced experts around me, I gradually understood circuit … Read more
Warm Reminder: All cases in this article are derived from real projects, involving scenarios such as automotive production lines and smart warehousing. At the end of the article, we provide a Selection Decision Tree and a Beginner’s Pitfall Guide. 1. The Soul-Searching Question for Beginners: What Are the Differences? Engineer Xiao Wang, who just entered … Read more
The Xiangteng NPU chip HKN201 neural network processor is a domestically produced, high-performance, multi-core processor designed for strong real-time, high-performance, and high-concurrency application scenarios by Xi’an Xiangteng Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.The hardware design reference documents for the HKN201 neural network processor core board include the hardware design guide, core board hardware schematic reference, schematic design … Read more
Touch button products are widely used in more and more products due to their aesthetic appeal, ease of use, and easy cleaning. The scenarios in which they are used are also increasing, and the reliability of touch buttons in complex external environments is receiving greater attention. This article focuses on the characteristics of Renesas products … Read more