Fundamental Concepts of Communication Signal: The physical representation of information (voltage, current, light, radio waves). Transmission Medium: Wires (single wire, twisted pair, coaxial cable), PCB traces, optical fibers, air (wireless). Data Frame/Packet: The basic unit of structured transmission (start bit, address, data, control information, checksum, stop bit). Baud Rate: The number of signal changes per … Read more
1. What is UART? UART, as one of the three commonly used low-speed buses (UART, SPI, IIC), plays an important role in designing various communication interfaces and debugging. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, which is mainly used for serial data transmission between devices and operates in a full-duplex mode. When sending data, it converts … Read more
1. History of Serial Ports First of all, the serial port is an essential tool for anyone working with hardware and embedded software, especially when debugging a system with an MCU or CPU. During the debugging process, the first thing we usually do is to light up the GPIO, and the second is to establish … Read more
So far, I2C, SPI, and UART remain the most commonly used communication protocols in electronic embedded devices. In this article, we will analyze these three protocols to provide a clear and intuitive understanding of their functions, advantages, and limitations, supplemented with GIF animations. I2C Protocol I2C is a serial communication protocol typically used to connect … Read more
In the process of learning embedded systems, serial communication is undoubtedly a very important and fundamental method for communication and debugging. During this learning process, many different concepts related to serial communication have been encountered. This article will distinguish and analyze the concepts of serial ports, UART, USART, RS485, and RS232. 1. Basic Concepts of … Read more
Hello, welcome to the FPGA technology community. The community is vast, and meeting here is fate. You can follow the FPGA technology community to access other resources of interest in the “Adventuring in the Community” and “Chivalrous Acts” sections, or join us for discussions. The “Chivalrous Acts” section leads to the IC technology circle, where … Read more
Word count: 8843, reading time approximately 45 minutes A Comprehensive Comparison of UART and SPI in Embedded Systems UART and SPI are key communication methods in the electronics field. UART is suitable for simple long-distance connections, while SPI excels in fast data transmission. They are used in GPS modules, SD cards, and microcontrollers, and understanding … Read more
A serial port (COM port) is a general term, UART is a protocol, and TTL/RS-232/RS-485 are voltage standards. Data using the UART protocol is transmitted through TTL (board-level short distance), RS-232 (± voltage anti-interference), or RS-485 (differential long distance multi-device) voltage standards, while COM port is the name given by Windows to this type of … Read more
First, we need to know what UART is? UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a common asynchronous serial communication interface that is widely used in electronic circuits. The UART interface function circuit is generally integrated within the chip, and it can be used directly if the selected microcontroller chip has this function. The mystery of the … Read more
As an embedded engineer, the following commonly used communication protocols are often essential knowledge in interviews. 1. UART Protocol UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a bidirectional, serial, asynchronous communication bus that can achieve full-duplex communication with just one data receiving line and one data sending line. Typical serial communication uses three lines: the transmit line … Read more