Data Transfer

Overview of Bluetooth Core Technologies (Part 1): Introduction to Bluetooth

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Overview of Bluetooth Core Technologies (Part 1): Introduction to Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a radio technology that supports short-range communication between devices (generally within 10 meters). It allows for wireless information exchange among various devices, including mobile phones, PDAs, wireless headsets, laptops, and related peripherals. By utilizing Bluetooth technology, communication between mobile terminal devices can be effectively simplified, and communication between devices and the Internet can … Read more

Understanding DMA in Embedded Systems

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Understanding DMA in Embedded Systems

Click the blue text Follow us Due to changes in the public account’s push rules, please click “Read” and add “Star” to get exciting technical shares as soon as possible. Source from the internet, please delete if infringing DMA, short for Direct Memory Access, is a method for transferring data directly between memory and peripherals … Read more

Understanding USB Communication Protocol with a Diagram

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Understanding USB Communication Protocol with a Diagram

1. Overview 2. Related Materials 3. USB Block Diagram 4. Understanding USB Concepts 4.1 USB Specification 4.2 USB Interface 4.3 USB Endpoint 4.4 USB Pipe 4.5 USB Data Transfer Types 4.6 USB Device Class 4.7 USB Descriptors 4.8 USB Communication Process 5. Summary 6. Discussion or Reflection 1. Overview USB (Universal Serial Bus) is ‘universal’ … Read more

Understanding eMMC Interface for High-Speed Circuits

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Understanding eMMC Interface for High-Speed Circuits

eMMC, as a common hardware interface in high-speed circuit design, is often used for storage in IOS systems or for storing critical product information. This article will analyze the eMMC protocol and combine it with some unconventional bugs encountered in actual work, aiming to master the circuit design and problem analysis of the eMMC interface … Read more

The Role of JTAG in FLASH Programming

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The Role of JTAG in FLASH Programming

Following the previous article, we learned about the erase, write, and read functions of FLASH, but there is still a lack of understanding regarding the relationship with JTAG. This article supplements the JTAG part. First, let’s take a look at the hierarchical structure of JTAG programming FLASH, as shown in the figure below: The physical … Read more

Differences Between TF Cards and SD Cards

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Differences Between TF Cards and SD Cards

TF cards and SD cards are two different types of storage cards, and they have the following main differences: 1. Appearance and Size • TF Card: Compact size, standard dimensions of 15mm×11mm×1mm, making it ideal for devices with limited space, such as smartphones and small digital cameras. • SD Card: Relatively larger size, standard dimensions … Read more

Understanding the EMMC Protocol Simplified

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Understanding the EMMC Protocol Simplified

Overview of EMMC Protocol Whether EMMC V4.5 or V5.1, the protocol can be quite extensive, making it difficult for newcomers to grasp the key points or analyze effectively. This article mainly summarizes some important and commonly used aspects of the EMMC protocol. 1. Basic Understanding of EMMC 1.1 Physical Lines: Card Concept (eMMC) Physical Interface … Read more

Understanding the EMMC Protocol Simplified

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Understanding the EMMC Protocol Simplified

Overview of the EMMC Protocol Whether it’s EMMC V4.5 or V5.1, the protocol can seem overwhelming for newcomers who may struggle to grasp the key points or analyze it properly. This article summarizes some important and commonly used aspects of the EMMC protocol. 1. Basic Understanding of EMMC 1.1 Physical Connections: Card Concept (eMMC) image-20220215110840519 … Read more

How Does the PCIe Bus Work?

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How Does the PCIe Bus Work?

PCI Express is a technology that often makes headlines, from the release of every generation of Intel and AMD processors to the recent significant drop in prices of M.2 interface solid-state drives. Therefore, this core bus technology of modern computers, how exactly does it work? PCI vs. PCI Express: High Clock Speeds Determine High Speeds … Read more