Click the blue text Follow us Due to changes in the public account’s push rules, please click “Read” and add “Star” to get exciting technical shares as soon as possible. Source from the internet, please delete if infringing DMA, short for Direct Memory Access, is a method for transferring data directly between memory and peripherals … Read more
1. Overview 2. Related Materials 3. USB Block Diagram 4. Understanding USB Concepts 4.1 USB Specification 4.2 USB Interface 4.3 USB Endpoint 4.4 USB Pipe 4.5 USB Data Transfer Types 4.6 USB Device Class 4.7 USB Descriptors 4.8 USB Communication Process 5. Summary 6. Discussion or Reflection 1. Overview USB (Universal Serial Bus) is ‘universal’ … Read more
eMMC, as a common hardware interface in high-speed circuit design, is often used for storage in IOS systems or for storing critical product information. This article will analyze the eMMC protocol and combine it with some unconventional bugs encountered in actual work, aiming to master the circuit design and problem analysis of the eMMC interface … Read more
Following the previous article, we learned about the erase, write, and read functions of FLASH, but there is still a lack of understanding regarding the relationship with JTAG. This article supplements the JTAG part. First, let’s take a look at the hierarchical structure of JTAG programming FLASH, as shown in the figure below: The physical … Read more
An SD card, short for Secure Digital Card, is a new generation of memory device based on semiconductor flash memory, and it is a type of portable storage device. Below is a detailed introduction to SD cards: 1. Main Features 1. High Storage Capacity: SD cards have a large storage capacity, which can meet the … Read more
TF cards and SD cards are two different types of storage cards, and they have the following main differences: 1. Appearance and Size • TF Card: Compact size, standard dimensions of 15mm×11mm×1mm, making it ideal for devices with limited space, such as smartphones and small digital cameras. • SD Card: Relatively larger size, standard dimensions … Read more
Overview of EMMC Protocol Whether EMMC V4.5 or V5.1, the protocol can be quite extensive, making it difficult for newcomers to grasp the key points or analyze effectively. This article mainly summarizes some important and commonly used aspects of the EMMC protocol. 1. Basic Understanding of EMMC 1.1 Physical Lines: Card Concept (eMMC) Physical Interface … Read more
Overview of the EMMC Protocol Whether it’s EMMC V4.5 or V5.1, the protocol can seem overwhelming for newcomers who may struggle to grasp the key points or analyze it properly. This article summarizes some important and commonly used aspects of the EMMC protocol. 1. Basic Understanding of EMMC 1.1 Physical Connections: Card Concept (eMMC) image-20220215110840519 … Read more
PCI Express is a technology that often makes headlines, from the release of every generation of Intel and AMD processors to the recent significant drop in prices of M.2 interface solid-state drives. Therefore, this core bus technology of modern computers, how exactly does it work? PCI vs. PCI Express: High Clock Speeds Determine High Speeds … Read more
Author Jeff Dorsch RS-232-C is a serial physical interface standard established by the Electronic Industry Association (EIA) in the United States in the 1960s. RS stands for “Recommended Standard,” 232 is the identifier number, and C indicates the number of revisions. Why is RS-232 so widely used? Why not the Universal Serial Bus (USB) or … Read more