Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

1. Development Environment Configuration

1. Download Arduino IDE

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– Official download link: https://www.arduino.cc/en/software

– Version selection:

– Recommended version 1.8.x stable (best compatibility)

– Or version 2.0.x (requires testing library compatibility)

2. Installation Steps (This section only explains Windows system)

① Double-click the exe installation package

② Check “Install USB drivers”

③ It is recommended to install to C:\Arduino |

3. Driver Installation (Windows requires special attention)

(1). CH340 driver installation (necessary for domestic Arduino compatible boards)

– Download link: https://www.wch.cn/downloads/CH341SER_ZIP.html

– Installation steps:

① Unzip the downloaded ZIP file

② Right-click `CH341SER.inf` → Select “Install”

③ Verify through Device Manager:

– When not installed, a yellow exclamation mark is displayed

– After successful installation, it shows “USB-SERIAL CH340”

(2). Official Arduino board driver (original device)

– Automatically installed through Arduino IDE:

① Connect the development board to USB

② Open IDE → Tools → Board → Arduino AVR Boards

③ The IDE will automatically install the required drivers

4. Key Library Installation

(1). Libraries that must be installed

① SD (built-in library)

② TMRpcm (needs to be installed manually)

③ SPI (built-in library)

(2). Steps to manually install TMRpcm library

① Download link: https://github.com/TMRh20/TMRpcm

② Operate in Arduino IDE:

– Menu bar → Project → Load Library → Add .ZIP Library

– Select the downloaded TMRpcm-master.zip

③ Verify installation:

– File → Examples → Scroll to the bottom to find “TMRpcm” example

5. Development Board Configuration

(1). Select the correct board type

– Menu bar → Tools → Board:

– Arduino Uno

– Or Arduino Nano (requires additional processor selection)

(2). Key parameter settings

① Processor: ATmega328P

② Port: COMx

③ Programmer: AVRISP mkI

6. Environment Verification Test

(1). Basic Test (Blink Example)

① File → Examples → 01.Basics → Blink

② Upload code → Observe whether the onboard LED blinks every second

(2). Audio Library Test

#include <tmrpcm.h>
TMRpcm audio;

void setup(){
  audio.speakerPin = 9;
  audio.play("test.wav"); // Place test audio in the root directory of the SD card in advance
}

void loop(){}</tmrpcm.h>

7. Audio File Conversion Toolchain

(1). Audacity Installation

– Official download: https://www.audacityteam.org/

– Conversion steps:

① Import MP3 file

② Menu → Track → Resample to 16000Hz

③ File → Export → Export as WAV

④ Set parameters:

– Format: WAV (Microsoft)

– Encoding: 16-bit PCM

– Channels: Mono

(2). Batch Conversion Tool (Optional)

Use FFmpeg command for quick conversion:

ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -ar 16000 -ac 1 output.wav

2. Hardware Preparation

1. Required Materials

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– Arduino Development Board: 1 piece (core control unit), either UNO or Nano model.

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– Passive Buzzer: 1 piece (or choose speaker + amplifier module to enhance volume);

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– SD Card Module: 1 piece (SPI interface, used to store audio files, must be paired with ≤32GB FAT32 formatted SD card);

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– SD Card: 1 piece (≤32GB, FAT32 format, pre-loaded with audio files).

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– Buttons: 3 pieces (6×6mm tactile switches, used for function control such as play, pause, and track switching);

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– Resistors: 220Ω (several, for buzzer or LED current limiting), 10kΩ (several, pull-up resistors for buttons);

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– LED: 1 piece (any color, status indicator, such as lighting up during playback).

Tutorial for Creating a Music Player Based on Arduino

– Dupont Wires: Several (for connecting various modules, it is recommended to prepare male-to-male and male-to-female).

2. Precautions

– The SD card must be formatted to FAT32 to ensure Arduino can recognize it;

– When connecting the buzzer, connect a 220Ω resistor in series, and the buttons must be used with a 10kΩ pull-up resistor.

3. Wiring Diagram

Arduino Pin → Peripheral

D8 → Buzzer positive

D9 → Button 1 (Play/Pause)

D10 → Button 2 (Previous Track)

D11 → Button 3 (Next Track)

D12 → SD Card Module MISO

D13 → SD Card Module SCK

D4 → SD Card Module CS

GND → Common Ground

5V → SD Card Module VCC

3. Software Implementation

1. Development Environment

– Arduino IDE (requires libraries: `SD`, `TMRpcm`)

2. Core Code

#include <sd.h>
#include <tmrpcm.h>

TMRpcm audio;
const int chipSelect = 4; // SD card module CS pin

// Button definitions
#define PLAY_PAUSE 9
#define PREV_TRACK 10
#define NEXT_TRACK 11

void setup() {
  pinMode(PLAY_PAUSE, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(PREV_TRACK, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(NEXT_TRACK, INPUT_PULLUP);

  if (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
    return; // SD card initialization failed
  }
  audio.speakerPin = 8; // Specify audio output pin
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(PLAY_PAUSE) == LOW) {
    audio.play("track1.wav"); // Play WAV file from SD card
    delay(200); // Debounce
  }

  if (digitalRead(NEXT_TRACK) == LOW) {
    audio.stopPlayback();
    audio.play("track2.wav");
    delay(200);
  }
}</tmrpcm.h></sd.h>

3. Music File Processing

① Format requirements:

– Only supports `.wav` format

– Recommended parameters: 16-bit, 22kHz, Mono

② Conversion Tool:

– Use Audacity to convert MP3 to WAV

– Set export parameters: `File > Export > WAV → 16-bit PCM`

4. Advanced Optimization

1. Adding Features

– LCD Display: Connect I2C LCD1602 to display the current track

– Volume Control: Add a potentiometer to control volume through analog input

– Playback Modes: Implement single track loop/random playback

2. No SD Card Solution (Directly Drive Buzzer)

// Use tone() function to play preset melody
int melody[] = {262, 294, 330, 349, 392, 440, 494}; // Scale frequencies

void playNote(int note, int duration) {
  tone(8, note, duration);
  delay(duration*1.3);
}

void setup() {
  playNote(melody[0], 500); // Play Do note
  playNote(melody[2], 500); // Play Mi note
}

5. Common Issues

1. No Sound:

– Check if using a passive buzzer

– Ensure the WAV file name in the SD card is in 8.3 format (e.g., `song1.wav`)

2. Button Malfunction:

– Add hardware debounce (parallel 104 capacitor)

– Check if internal pull-up is enabled (INPUT_PULLUP)

3. SD Card Read Failure:

– Ensure the file system is FAT32

– Wiring length should not exceed 20cm

6. Project Features

– Low cost (<50 yuan)

– Supports expandable storage (SD card)

– Can be upgraded to wireless control via mobile Bluetooth module

After completion, you will have a portable music player that can play multiple tracks!

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