1. Verb to Noun
1. v + ment ending
achieve ——achievement achievement
advertise ——advertisement advertisement
agree ——agreement agreement
amuse——amusement amusement
commit ——commitment commitment
develop ——development development
disagree ——disagreement disagreement
equip equip ——equipment equipment
govern govern ——government government
manage——management management
argue ——argument argument
2. V + ion ending
attract ——attraction attraction
discuss ——discussion discussion
express ——-expression expression
instruct ——instruction instruction
invent——invention invention
predict ——prediction prediction
impress ——impression impression
suggest ——suggestion suggestion
educate ——education education
graduate ——graduation graduation
operate ——operation operation
illustrate ——illustration illustration
pollute ——pollution pollution
introduce ——introduction introduction
organize ——organizationorganization
imagine ——imagination imagination
inspire——inspiration inspiration
invite ——invitation invitation
compete ——competition competition
pronounce ——pronunciationpronunciation
admit ——admission admission
permit ——permission permission
conclude ——conclusion conclusion
decide ——decision decision
describe ——descriptiondescription
resolve ——resolution resolution
solve ——solution solution
3. V + ance ending
allow ——allowance allowance
appear ——appearance appearance
perform ——performance performance
exist ——existence existence
4. V + ing ending
end ——ending ending
train ——trainingtraining
mean ——meaning meaning
say——saying saying
remind ——remindingreminding
bathe ——bathingbathing
5. Adding -er or -or to form nouns indicating a type of person
work——worker worker
teach——teacherteacher
sing——singer singer
jump——jumperjumper
play——playerplayer
learn——learner learner
visit——visitorvisitor
invent——inventorinventor
6. V + other endings
beg——beggar beggar
sit——seat seat
believe ——belief belief
behave ——behavior behavior
know——knowledge knowledge
fly——flight flight
mix ——mixture mixture
press —— pressure pressure
serve ——service service
succeed ——success success
pursue ——pursuit pursuit
propose ——proposal proposal
withdraw —— withdrawal withdrawal
survive ——survival–survivor survivor
arrive ——arrivalarrival
analyze ——analysis analysis
2. Adjective to Noun
1. Change the ending ent to ency or ence
efficientefficient——efficiency efficiency
patient——patience/impatience patience/impatience
dependent——dependencedependence
independent——independency independency
urgent——urgency urgency
2. Ending in ble, change ble to bility
possible——possibility possibility
responsible——responsibility responsibility
3. Other
accurate——accuracy accuracy
prosperous——prosperity prosperity
true——truth truth
wide——width width
long——length length
high——height height
3. Noun/Verb to Adjective
1. Noun + y
honest ——honesty honesty
guilt guilt——guilty guilty
health——healthy healthy
luck——lucky lucky
cloud——cloudy cloudy
wind—windy windy
rain——rainy rainy
snow——snowy snowy
tourist ——touristy touristy
erending, changeer tory
hunger——hungry hungry
anger ——angry angry
fog——foggy foggy
sun——sunny sunny
fur——furry furry
shine——shiny shiny
taste ——tasty tasty
2. Noun/Verb + ed
Words ending with consonant + consonant, added
talent ——talented talented
offend ——offended offended
crowd ——crowded crowded
Words ending with vowel e, addd
balance ——balanced balanced
organize——organized organized
pollute ——polluted polluted
please ——pleased pleased
Words ending with vowel + consonant, double the last consonant and added
spot ——spotted spotted
3. Noun + ful/less
care ——careful/careless careful/ careless
help——helpful / helpless helpful/ helpless
use——useful/ uselessuseful / useless
meaning ——meaningful / meaninglessmeaningful/meaningless
colour——colourful /colourlesscolourful/colourless
pain pain ——painful /painlesspainful/ painless
thank——thankful / thankless thankful/ thankless
peace peace ——peaceful peaceful
playplay—— playful playful
home ——homeless homeless
4. Noun/Verb + able
change ——changeable changeable
adjust——adjustable adjustable
comfort——comfortable comfortable
knowledge——knowledgeable knowledgeable
suit ——suitable suitable
Verbs ending with consonant + y, changey toi and addable ,
deny——deniable deniable
rely——reliable reliable
5. Noun + ous
courage——courageous courageous
danger——dangerous dangerous
Words ending iny changey toi and addous
mystery mystery——mysterious mysterious
6. ce becomes t
confidence——confident confident
difference——different different
dependence ——dependent dependent
independence——independent independent
7. Adding al
addition——additional additional
music——musical musical
person——personal (personal)
nation——national national
education——educationaleducational
tradition——traditional traditional
originorigin——original original
For words ending with a vowel, remove the last vowel and addal
nature——natural natural
globe——global global
Exceptions:
class——classical classical
medicine medicine——medical medical
grammar——grammatical grammatical
8. Noun + ly
friend——friendly friendly
live——lively lively
love——lovely lovely
week——weekly weekly
man——manly manly
9. Adding en
wood——wooden wooden
wool——woolen woolen
10. Words indicating direction
east——eastern
west——western
south——southern
north——northern
11. Continents
Asia Asia——Asian
Africa Africa——African
EuropeEurope——European
America America——American
12. Other
energyenergy——energetic energetic
strategy——strategic strategic
scientist——scientific scientific
fool fool——foolish foolish
love——loving loving
pleasure——pleasantpleasant/ pleasedpleased
pride——proud proud
4. Adjective to Verb
1. Add ize
modern——modernize modernize
social——socialize socialize
2. Add en
fast——fasten fasten
short——shorten shorten
wide——widen widen
less——lessen lessen
Exceptions (with changes):
long——lengthen lengthen
strong ——strengthen strengthen
3. Prefix en
large —— enlarge enlarge
5. Adjective to Adverb
1. Adjective + ly
bad——badly badly
bright——brightly brightly
casual——casually casually
clear——clearly clearly
complete——completely completely
correct——correctly correctly
final——finally finally
fortunate——fortunatelyfortunately
general——generally generally
loud——loudly loudly
particular ——particularlyparticularly
polite——politely politely
proper ——properlyproperly
main——mainly mainly
most ——mostly mostly
normal——normally normally
quick——quickly quickly
quiet——quietly quietly
real——really really
recent ——recently recently
sad——sadly sadly
slow——slowly slowly
special——specially specially
specific——specifically specifically
strong——strongly strongly
sudden——suddenlysuddenly
usual——usually usually
2. For words ending in le, remove e and add y
comfortable——comfortably comfortably
gentle——gently gently
possible——possibly possibly
simple——simply simply
terrible——terribly terribly
3. Consonant + y changes y to ily
easy——easily easily
heavy——heavily heavily
happy——happily happily
4. Special Cases
good——wellwell
true——truly truly
Strategies for Breaking Through English Grammar Cloze Tests
Summary of English Word Class Transformations for College Entrance Examination
Commonly Tested Word Class Transformations/Derivatives in High School English