sudo apt updatesudo apt upgradesudo apt install <package_name>sudo apt remove <package_name>sudo apt autoremoveapt search <keywords>dpkg -lsudo shutdown nowsudo rebootuname -adf -hfree -hChange directory:
cd <directory_path>List files and folders in the current directory:
lsDisplay detailed information (including permissions, owner, size, etc.):
ls -lCreate a new folder:
mkdir <directory_name>Create a new file:
touch <file_name>Copy files or folders:
cp <source> <destination>Move files or folders:
mv <source> <destination>Delete files:
rm <file_name>Delete folders and their contents:
rm -r <directory_name>View file contents:
cat <file_name>Edit files:
nano <file_name>Compress files or folders:
tar -czvf <archive_name.tar.gz> <folder_or_file_to_compress>Decompress files:
tar -xzvf <archive_name.tar.gz>Update the package list:
sudo apt updateUpgrade installed packages:
sudo apt upgradeSearch for available packages:
apt search <keywords>Install packages:
sudo apt install <package_name>Uninstall packages:
sudo apt remove <package_name>Clean up unnecessary packages and cache:
sudo apt autoremoveDisplay installed package information:
dpkg -lList detailed information of a specific package:
apt show <package_name>Find the file path of a package:
dpkg -L <package_name>Lock/unlock package versions:
sudo apt-mark hold <package_name>sudo apt-mark unhold <package_name>Check package dependencies:
apt depends <package_name>View system load and uptime:
uptimeView current memory usage:
free -hView current CPU usage:
topView overall CPU usage:
mpstatView disk space usage:
df -hMonitor network traffic:
iftopMonitor real-time process status:
htopView temperature sensor data (requires Raspberry Pi to have this feature):
vcgencmd measure_tempcat /proc/cpuinfosudo lsb_release -aOpen the terminal window, you can connect via VNC or open directly on Raspberry Pi.
Edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file, you can open it with any text editor, for example, using the nano editor:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.listIn the opened file, find and comment out the original source for backup. The way to comment is to add a hash (#) at the beginning of the source line, for example:
# deb http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpiAdd a new system source. You can choose a suitable mirror source and add it to the end of the file. Here is an example:
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contribPress Ctrl + X, then enter Y to save changes, and finally press Enter to confirm saving.
Update the package list:
sudo apt updateAfter completing the update, you can use the new system source to install, update, and upgrade packages.
mkdir -p ~/.pip touch ~/.pip/pip.confnano ~/.pip/pip.conf[global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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