🌟Bookmark/PinGood Teachers Help with Jiangxi’s Upgrade Program
The next one to succeed will be you.
Information Technology is a compulsory subject for Jiangxi’s upgrade program. Many students report that it seems simple at first, but later realize they have only scratched the surface, as the scope of the exam covers a very wide range of knowledge points. A deeper examination can leave everyone at a loss.
A broad knowledge base requires gradual accumulation and, more importantly, the ability to grasp key exam points within a limited time. Today, I have compiled the high-frequency exam points for the Information Technology exam, highlighting important vocabulary for everyone!
1.
1. The world’s first computer was born in 1946, and its name was ENIAC.
2. In computer operation, storing both programs and data in memory was proposed and demonstrated by a research group led by John von Neumann
3. The first three stages in the development of language processing programs are machine language, assembly language, and high-level language
4. The basic unit of computer memory capacity is byte
5. The microprocessor was successfully developed in 1971
6. The hallmark of the development of microcomputers is microprocessors
7. The division of stages in computer development is marked by physical devices
8. The logical element used in the world’s first electronic computer was vacuum tubes
9. Computers made using ultra-large-scale integration circuits should belong to the fourth generation
10. The emergence of microcomputers is mainly due to the advent of ultra-large-scale integration circuits
2.
11. According to the classification of computer applications, office automation belongs to data processing
12. Banks using computers for deposit and loan management belong to the field of computer applications in data processing
13. Financial management, information retrieval, inventory management, etc. belong to the field of computer applications in data processing
14. CAD is one of the main application areas of computers, meaning Computer-Aided Design
15. Using database management systems in microcomputers falls under the category of information management
16. CAI is an important area of computer applications, meaning Computer-Aided Instruction
17. The earliest field of computer application is scientific computing
18. The main means to achieve automation in modern industrial production processes is through real-time control
19. Personal computers belong to microcomputers
20. The “Galaxy” computer developed by the National University of Defense Technology of China belongs to supercomputers
3.
21. The biggest benefit of establishing a computer network is resource sharing
22. A computer system refers to hardware and software systems
23. In a computer system, the resources typically referred to are hardware, software, and data
24. The so-called “bare machine” refers to only the hardware system without the software system
25. The basic components of a microcomputer are microprocessor, memory, and input-output devices
26. The host of a microcomputer includes CPU and memory
27. The collective term for the arithmetic unit and controller is CPU
28. The microprocessor is also known as central processing unit
29. The core component of a computer is central processing unit
30. 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486 refer to different models of microprocessors (or central processors or CPUs)
4.
31. The arithmetic logic unit abbreviated as ALU mainly provides arithmetic operations and logical operations
32. The main function of the controller in the CPU is to identify instructions and control the execution of instructions
33. In microcomputers, the basic function of the controller is to control the correct execution of programs by various components of the system
34. In a computer system, the device that commands and coordinates the work of the computer is the controller
35. The I/O interface card in a microcomputer is located between the bus and external devices
36. I/O devices mean input/output devices
37. Among the components listed, the one that can connect directly to the CPU is memory
38. In microcomputers, the hard disk along with its drive belongs to external (auxiliary) storage
39. Among the devices listed, the one that can serve as both an input device and an output device is disk drives and floppy disk drives
40. Input devices:keyboard, mouse, light pen, scanner
5.
41. Output devices:monitor, printer, plotter, speakers
42. External devices:input/output devices, auxiliary storage
43. CRT in a computer refers to cathode-ray tube
44. The devices marked as SVGA, EGA, VGA indicate different specifications and performance of monitors
45. One of the main parameters of a monitor is resolution, which means the number of columns and rows of the raster on the screen
46. The incorrect statement among the following is the resolution of a monitor is related to the model of the microprocessor
47. Among the impact printers, the one is dot matrix printer
48. The one with the best printing effect is laser printer
49. A common communication line connecting various components of the computer is called a bus, composed of address lines, data lines, and control lines
50. The mouse is usually connected to serial interface
6.
51. The main purpose of the CMOS chip on the motherboard is to store time, date, hard disk parameters, and computer configuration information
52. In a computer system, software refers to programs, data, and related documentation
53. The difference between software and programs is that software is a collective term for all documents needed for development, use, and maintenance of programs, while program is a part of software
54. The software system of a computer is generally divided into system software and application software
55. The relationship between system software and application software is that the latter is based on the former
56. Application software is specialized software used in various fields
57. The closest to computer hardware is the operating system
58. The core part of system software is the operating system
59. The main purpose of introducing an operating system is to facilitate users and improve the utilization of software and hardware resources
60. The main function of an operating system does not include preventing and eliminating computer virus attacks
7.
61. Operating systems include MS-DOS, UNIX, Windows
62. A set of different instructions that a computer can recognize is called the instruction set
63. System software includes compilers, operating systems, database management systems
Note: C language source code is not system software
64. SQL Server, Access, Foxpro are called database management systems
65. A binary string that specifies the operations to be performed by the computer and the address of the operands is called an instruction
66. A payroll management program of a school belongs to application programs
67. To complete a basic operation or judgment, the CPU of the computer needs to execute an instruction
68. The programs that the computer can execute directly are machine language programs
69. The language composed of binary codes is machine language
70. Machine instructions are binary codes that can be executed directly by the computer
8.
71. Assembly language is a machine-oriented low-level symbolic language
72. Both machine language and assembly language are oriented towards machines
73. Generally, programs written in high-level languages are referred to as source programs
74. The one that can convert high-level language source programs into object programs is the compiler
75. To convert a source program written in C language into an object program, it must go through the compilation process
76. The compiler produces object programs
77. The most suitable computer language for information management is database language
BASIC language is a high-level language
Languages that belong to object-oriented programming include Visual Basic
A computer’s memory capacity is 4MB, which is 2 to the 22 power
(Method: 4X1024X1024 after which is how many powers of 2? 4 is the 2nd power of 2, 1024 is the 10th power of 2, as everyone has learned about multiplying powers with the same base, coefficient remains unchanged, exponent adds up. So it’s 10+10+2=22)
9.
81. Storage Capacity Units:
1Byte=8bit, 1024B=1KB, 1024KB=1MB, 1024MB=1GB
82. The address in a computer is an ordered number of storage units
83. The smallest unit of data in a computer is bit
84. The meaning of bit is binary digit
85. Byte in Chinese means byte. The number of bits that make up a word in a computer is called the word length
86. The basic unit of data processed by the CPU is a word, and the word length is related to the model of the CPU chip
87. The word length of the 80486 microcomputer is 32 bits
88. Assuming a computer’s word length is 4 bytes, it means that the binary code processed as a whole in the CPU is 32 bits
(Reason: 4Byte=8bit 8 binary digits=4×8=32 binary digits)
89. The 32 in a 32-bit microcomputer means that this microcomputer can process 32-bit binary numbers simultaneously
90. The components of an instruction include the address of the operand and the opcode
10.
91. 8MB is represented as 8MB megabytes
92. In “Pentium II/350” and “Pentium III/450”, the “350” and “450” mean CPU clock frequency
93. The performance of a microcomputer mainly depends on the central processing unit
Memory exchanges information directly with the CPU, and compared to external storage, its access speed is fast but expensive.
The memory that the CPU cannot access directly is CD-ROM
In a computer, the components that can exchange data directly with the CPU are cache and main memory
Compared to external storage, the main feature of memory is it can store running programs
In microcomputers, RAM’s function is to store read/write programs and data
SRAM memory is static random-access memory
In semiconductor memory, the characteristic of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is it refreshes periodically
11.
101. In microcomputer systems, the most basic input/output module BIOS is stored in ROM
102. ROM in Chinese is read-only memory
103. The contents of ROM BIOS on a computer are fixed and unchangeable
104. RAM’s characteristic is random read/write data, and data will be lost after power off
105. In the storage system, PROM refers to programmable read-only memory
106. The component that directly transfers data with the auxiliary storage of microcomputers is memory
107. The memory stick usually referred to is RAM
108. Using Cache can improve computer speed because Cache shortens the waiting time of the CPU
109. The multi-level storage architecture of computers includes main memory, auxiliary storage, and cache memory
110. The disk buffer is located in main memory
12.
111. The most basic unit for storing and retrieving information in disk storage is sector
112. If the slider on a 3.5-inch floppy disk is moved to expose a small hole, it can only be read and not written
113. A 3.5-inch double-sided high-density floppy disk has a capacity of 1.44MB
(720KB 3.5 inches) disks can be used in a 1.44MB 3.5-inch floppy disk drive
When the indicator light of the disk drive is on, do not switch off the drive or turn off the main power
The tracks on a disk are concentric circles, while the tracks on a CD-ROM that record information are spirals
The hard disk of a microcomputer is the external (auxiliary) storage of that machine
The correct understanding of a multimedia computer is one that can comprehensively process text, graphics, audio, and video information
In computers, the final form of multimedia data is binary code
Multimedia computer systems include multimedia software systems and multimedia hardware systems
13.
121. In multimedia use, general background music uses MIDI files, and narration uses WAV files.
The main reason for representing information in a computer in binary is the performance of components
The base used to represent data in a computer is binary
When using digital waveform methods to represent sound information, the higher the sampling frequency, the larger the data size
To accurately describe the ASCII encoding of characters in machines, it should be using 8-bit binary code, with the leftmost bit as0
About the relationship between the ASCII code values of characters d>D>space
Adding two zeros after a non-zero unsigned binary integer produces a new number, which is four times the original number
If a floppy disk is infected with a virus, the measure to remove the virus is formatting the disk as well.
The effective method to prevent floppy disks from getting viruses is to write-protect the floppy disks
The microprocessor, also known as the central processing unit, consists of arithmetic unit, controller, registers, and counter
The advantages of binary include feasibility, simplicity, logicality, and reliability
The instructions that a computer can execute directly consist of two parts: opcode and operand
When the computer is working, memory is used to store the programs and data needed for computation
JPEG compresses still images, while MPEG compresses moving images
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